Black House Chapter Six

6 IN THE READY ROOM of the French Landing P.D., the phone on the desk rings. Bobby Dulac has been mining for nose-gold. Now he squashes his latest treasure on the sole of his shoe and picks up the phone. â€Å"Yell-o, Police Department, Officer Dulac speaking, how can I help you?† â€Å"Hey, Bobby. It's Danny Tcheda.† Bobby feels a prink of unease. Danny Tcheda last name pronounced Cheetah is one of French Landing's fourteen full-time RMP cops. He's currently on duty, and ordinary procedure dictates that duty cops radio in that's what the R in RMP stands for, after all. The only exception to the rule has to do with the Fisherman. Dale has mandated that patrol officers call in on a landline if they think they have a situation involving the killer. Too many people have their ears on out there, doubtless including Wendell â€Å"Pisshead† Green. â€Å"Danny, what's up?† â€Å"Maybe nothing, maybe something not so good. I got a bike and a sneaker in the trunk of my car. I found 'em over on Queen Street. Near Maxton Elder Care?† Bobby draws a pad toward him and begins to jot. The tickle of unease has become a sinking feeling. â€Å"Nothing wrong with the bike,† Danny continues, â€Å"just sitting there on its kickstand, but combined with the sneaker . . .† â€Å"Yeah, yeah, I see your point, Danny, but you never should have fooled with what could be evidence of a crime.† Please God don't let it be evidence of a crime, Bobby Dulac is thinking. Please God don't let it be another one. Irma Freneau's mother has just been in to see Dale, and while there was no screaming or shouting, she came out with tears on her cheeks and looking like death on the half shell. They can't still be sure the little girl has become the Fisherman's third victim, but â€Å"Bobby, I had to,† Danny is saying. â€Å"I'm ridin' solo, I didn't want to put this out on the air, I hadda find a phone. If I'd left the bike there, someone else coulda monkeyed with it. Hell, stolen it. This is a good bike, Schwinn three-speed. Better'n the one my kid's got, tell you that.† â€Å"What's your twenty?† â€Å"7-Eleven, up the hill on 35. What I did was mark the location of the bike and the sneaker with chalk X's on the sidewalk. I handled them with gloves and put the sneaker in an evidence bag.† Danny is sounding more and more anxious. Bobby knows how he must feel, sympathizes with the choices Danny had to make. Riding solo is a bitch, but French Landing is already supporting as many cops full-time and part-time as the budget will bear. Unless, of course, this Fisherman business gets totally out of control; in that case, the town fathers will no doubt discover a bit more elastic in the budget. Maybe it's already out of control, Bobby thinks. â€Å"Okay, Danny. Okay. See your point.† Whether or not Dale sees it is a whole ‘nother thing, Bobby thinks. Danny lowers his voice. â€Å"No one needs to know I broke the chain of evidence, do they? I mean, if the subject ever came up. In court, or something.† â€Å"I guess that's up to Dale.† Oh God, Bobby thinks. A new problem has just occurred to him. All calls that come in on this phone are automatically taped. Bobby decides the taping machinery is about to have a malfunction, retroactive to about two o'clock in the afternoon. â€Å"And you want to know the other thing?† Danny is asking. â€Å"The big thing? I didn't want people to see it. A bike standing all by itself that way, you don't have to be Sherlock Fucking Holmes to draw a certain conclusion. And folks're getting close to the panic line, especially after that goddamned irresponsible story in the paper this morning. I didn't want to call from Maxton's for the same reason.† â€Å"I'm gonna put you on hold. You better talk to Dale.† In a vastly unhappy voice, Danny says: â€Å"Oh boy.† In Dale Gilbertson's office there is a bulletin board dominated by enlarged photographs of Amy St. Pierre and Johnny Irkenham. A third photo will be added soon, he fears that of Irma Freneau. Beneath the two current photos, Dale sits at his desk, smoking a Marlboro 100. He's got the fan on. It will, he hopes, blow the smoke away. Sarah would just about kill him if she knew he was smoking again, but dear Jesus Christ, he needs something. His interview with Tansy Freneau had been short and nothing short of purgatorial. Tansy is a juicer, a regular patron of the Sand Bar, and during their interview the smell of coffee brandy was so strong it almost seemed to be coming out of her pores (another excuse for the fan). Half drunk, she had been, and Dale was glad. It kept her calm, at least. It didn't put any sparkle in her dead eyes, coffee brandy was no good for that, but she had been calm. Hideously, she had even said â€Å"Thank you for helping me, sir† before leaving. Tansy's ex Irma's father lives across the state in Green Bay (â€Å"Green Bay is the devil's town,† Dale's father used to say, God knows why), where he works in a garage and, according to Tansy, supports several bars with names like the End Zone and the Fifty-Yard Line. Until today, there has been some reason to believe at least to hope that Richard â€Å"Cubby† Freneau snatched his daughter. An e-mail from the Green Bay Police Department has put paid to that little idea. Cubby Freneau is living with a woman who has two kids of her own, and he was in jail D & D the day Irma disappeared. There is still no body, and Tansy hasn't received a letter from the Fisherman, but The door opens. Bobby Dulac sticks his head in. Dale mashes his cigarette out on the inside lip of the wastebasket, burning the back of his hand with sparks in the process. â€Å"Gosh ‘n' fishes, Bobby, do you know how to knock?† â€Å"Sorry, Chief.† Bobby looks at the smoke ribboning up from the wastebasket with neither surprise nor interest. â€Å"Danny Tcheda's on the phone. I think you better take it.† â€Å"What's it about?† But he knows. Why else would it be the phone? Bobby only repeats, not without sympathy, â€Å"I think you better take it.† The car sent by Rebecca Vilas delivers Henry to Maxton Elder Care at three-thirty, ninety minutes before the Strawberry Fest! dance is scheduled to begin. The idea is for the old folks to work up an appetite on the floor, then troop down to the caff suitably decorated for the occasion for a glamorously late (seven-thirty is quite late for Maxton's) dinner. With wine, for those who drink it. A resentful Pete Wexler has been drafted by Rebecca Vilas to bring in the deejay's shit (Pete thinks of Henry as â€Å"the blind record-hopper†). Said shit consists of two speakers (very large), one turntable (light, but awkward as a motherfucker to carry), one preamp (very heavy), assorted wires (all tangled up, but that's the blind record-hopper's problem), and four boxes of actual records, which went out of style about a hundred years ago. Pete guesses that the blind record-hopper never heard a CD in his whole life. The last item is a suit bag on a hanger. Pete has peeked in and ascertained that the suit is white. â€Å"Hang it in there, please,† Henry says, pointing with unerring accuracy toward the supply closet that has been designated his dressing room. â€Å"Okay,† Pete says. â€Å"What exactly is it, if you don't mind me asking?† Henry smiles. He knows perfectly well that Pete has already had a peep. He heard the plastic bag rattling and the zipper chinking in a duet that only occurs when someone pulls the bag away from the hanger at the neck. â€Å"Inside that bag, my friend, Symphonic Stan, the Big-Band Man, is just waiting for me to put him on and bring him to life.† â€Å"Oh, uh-huh,† Pete says, not knowing if he has been answered or not. All he's really sure of is that those records were almost as heavy as the preamp. Someone should really give the blind record-hopper some information about CDs, the next great leap forward. â€Å"You asked me one; may I ask you one?† â€Å"Be my guest,† Pete says. â€Å"There appears to have been a police presence at Maxton Elder Care this afternoon,† the blind record-hopper says. â€Å"They're gone now, but they were here when I arrived. What's that about? There hasn't been a robbery or an assault among the geriatrics, I hope?† Pete stops in his tracks beneath a large cardboard strawberry, holding the suit bag and looking at the blind record-hopper with an amazement Henry can almost touch. â€Å"How'd you know the cops were here?† Henry puts a finger to the side of his nose and tips his head to one side. He replies in a hoarse, conspiratorial whisper. â€Å"Smelled something blue.† Pete looks puzzled, debates whether or not to inquire further, and decides not to. Resuming his march toward the supply closet?Cdressing room, he says: â€Å"They're playing it cagey, but I think they're looking for another lost kid.† The look of amused curiosity fades from Henry's face. â€Å"Good Christ,† he says. â€Å"They came and went in a hurry. No kids here, Mr . . . uh, Leyden?† â€Å"Leyden,† Henry confirms. â€Å"A kid in this place would stand out like a rose in a patch of poison ivy, if you know what I mean.† Henry doesn't consider old folks in any way analogous to poison ivy, but he does indeed get Mr. Wexler's drift. â€Å"What made them think ?† â€Å"Someone found sumpin' on the sidewalk,† Pete says. He points out the window, then realizes the blind guy can't see him pointing. Duh, as Ebbie would say. He lowers his hand. â€Å"If a kid got snatched, someone probably came along in a car and snatched him. No kidnapers in here, I can tell you that much.† Pete laughs at the very idea of a Maxton moldy oldie snatching any kid big enough to ride a bike. The kid would probably break the guy over his knee like a dry stick. â€Å"No,† Henry says soberly, â€Å"that hardly seems likely, does it?† â€Å"But I guess the cops got to dot all the t's and cross all the i's.† He pauses. â€Å"That's just a little joke of mine.† Henry smiles politely, thinking that with some people, Alzheimer's disease might be an actual improvement. â€Å"When you hang my suit up, Mr. Wexler, would you be so good as to give it a gentle shake? Just to banish any incipient wrinkles?† â€Å"Okay. Want me to take it out of the bag forya?† â€Å"Thanks, that won't be necessary.† Pete goes into the supply closet, hangs up the suit bag, and gives it a little shake. Incipient, just what the hell does that mean? There's a rudiment of a library here at Maxton's; maybe he'll look it up in the dictionary. It pays to increase your word power, as it says in the Reader's Digest, although Pete doubts it will pay him much in this job. When he goes back out to the common room, the blind record-hopper Mr. Leyden, Symphonic Stan, whoever the hell he is has begun unraveling wires and plugging them in with a speed and accuracy Pete finds a trifle unnerving. Poor old Fred Marshall is having a terrible dream. Knowing it's a dream should make it less horrible but somehow doesn't. He's in a rowboat with Judy, out on a lake. Judy is sitting in the bow. They are fishing. He is, at least; Judy is just holding her pole. Her face is an expressionless blank. Her skin is waxy. Her eyes have a stunned, hammered look. He labors with increasing desperation to make contact with her, trying one conversational gambit after another. None work. To make what is, under the circumstances, a fairly apt metaphor, she spits every lure. He sees that her empty eyes appear fixed on the creel sitting between them in the bottom of the boat. Blood is oozing through the wickerwork in fat red dribbles. It's nothing, just fishblood, he tries to assure her, but she makes no reply. In fact, Fred isn't so sure himself. He's thinking he ought to take a look inside the creel, just to be sure, when his pole gives a tremendous jerk if not for quick reflexes, he would have lost it over the side. He's hooked a big one! Fred reels it in, the fish on the other end of the line fighting him for every foot. Then, when he finally gets it near the boat, he realizes he has no net. Hell with it, he thinks, go for broke. He whips the pole backward, just daring the line to snap, and the fish biggest goddamned lake trout you'd ever hope to see flies out of the water and through the air in a gleaming, fin-flipping arc. It lands in the bottom of the boat (beside the oozing creel, in fact) and begins thrashing. It also begins to make gruesome choking noises. Fred has never heard a fish make noises like that. He bends forward and is horrified to see that the trout has Tyler's face. His son has somehow become a weretrout, and now he's dying in the bottom of the boat. Strangling. Fred grabs at it, wanting to remove the hook and throw it back while there's still time, but the terrible choking thing keeps slipping through his fingers, leaving only a shiny slime of scales behind. It would be tough to get the hook out, in any case. The Ty-fish has swallowed it whole, and the barbed tip is actually protruding from one of the gills, just below the point where the human face melts away. Ty's choking becomes louder, harsher, infinitely more horrible Fred sits up with a low cry, feeling as if he's choking himself. For a moment he's completely adrift as to place and time lost in the slippage, we might say and then he realizes he's in his own bedroom, sitting up on his side of the bed he shares with Judy. He notices that the light in here is much dimmer, because the sun has moved to the other side of the house. My God, he thinks, how long have I been asleep? How could I Oh, but here is another thing: that hideous choking sound has followed him out of his dream. It's louder than ever. It will wake Judy, scare her Judy is no longer on the bed, though. â€Å"Jude? Judy?† She's sitting in the corner. Her eyes are wide and blank, just as they were in his dream. A corsage of crumpled paper is protruding from her mouth. Her throat is grotesquely swelled, looks to Fred like a sausage that has been grilled until the casing is ready to pop. More paper, he thinks. Christ, she's choking on it. Fred rolls himself across the bed, falls off, and lands on his knees like a gymnast doing a trick. He reaches for her. She makes no move to evade him. There's that, at least. And although she's choking, he still sees no expression in her eyes. They are dusty zeros. Fred yanks the corsage of paper from her mouth. There's another behind it. Fred reaches between her teeth, tweezes this second ball of paper between the first two fingers of his right hand (thinking Please don't bite me, Judy, please don't), and pulls it out, too. There's a third ball of paper behind this one, way at the back of her mouth. He gets hold of this one as well, and extracts it. Although it's crumpled, he can see the printed words GREAT IDEA, and knows what she's swallowed: sheets of paper from the notepad Ty gave her for her birthday. She's still choking. Her skin is turning slate. Fred grabs her by her upper arms and pulls her up. She comes easily, but when he relaxes his hold her knees bend and she starts to go back down. She's turned into Raggedy Ann. The choking sound continues. Her sausage throat â€Å"Help me, Judy! Help me, you bitch!† Unaware of what he is saying. He yanks her hard as hard as he yanked the fishing pole in his dream and spins her around like a ballerina when she comes up on her toes. Then he seizes her in a bear hug, his wrists brushing the undersides of her breasts, her bottom tight against his crotch, the kind of position he would find extremely sexy if his wife didn't happen to be choking to death. He pops his thumb up between her breasts like a hitchhiker, then says the magic word as he pulls sharply upward and backward. The magic word is Heimlich, and it works. Two more wads of paper fly from Judy's mouth, propelled by a jet of vomit that is little more than bile her intake of food over the last twelve hours amounts to three cups of coffee and a cranberry muffin. She gives a gasp, coughs twice, then begins to breathe more or less normally. He puts her on the bed . . . drops her on the bed. His lower back is spasming wildly, and it's really no wonder; first Ty's dresser, now this. â€Å"Well, what did you think you were doing?† he asks her loudly. â€Å"What in the name of Christ did you think you were doing?† He realizes that he has raised one hand over Judy's upturned face as if to strike her. Part of him wants to strike her. He loves her, but at this moment he also hates her. He has imagined plenty of bad things over the years they've been married Judy getting cancer, Judy paralyzed in an accident, Judy first taking a lover and then demanding a divorce but he has never imagined Judy going chickenshit on him, and isn't that what this amounts to? â€Å"What did you think you were doing?† She looks at him without fear . . . but without anything else, either. Her eyes are dead. Her husband lowers his hand, thinking: I'd cut it off before I hit you. I might be pissed at you, I am pissed at you, but I'd cut it off before I did that. Judy rolls over, face-down on the coverlet, her hair spread around her head in a corona. â€Å"Judy?† Nothing. She just lies there. Fred looks at her for a moment, then uncrumples one of the slimy balls of paper with which she has tried to strangle herself. It is covered with tangles of scribbled words. Gorg, abbalah, eeleelee, munshun, bas, lum, opopanax: these mean nothing to him. Others drudge, asswipe, black, red, Chicago, and Ty are actual words but have no context. Printed up one side of the sheet is IF YOU'VE GOT PRINCE ALBERT IN A CAN, HOW CAN YOU EVER GET HIM OUT? Up the other, like a teletype stuck in repeat mode, is this: BLACK HOUSE CRIMSON KING BLACK HOUSE CRIMSON KING BLACK If you waste time looking for sense in this, you're as crazy as she is, Fred thinks. You can't waste time Time. He looks at the clock on his side of the bed and cannot believe its news: 4:17 P.M. Is that possible? He looks at his watch and sees that it is. Knowing it's foolish, knowing he would have heard his son come in even if in a deep sleep, Fred strides to the door on big nerveless legs. â€Å"Ty!† he yells. â€Å"Hey, Ty! TYLER!† Waiting for an answer that will not come, Fred realizes that everything in his life has changed, quite possibly forever. People tell you this can happen in the blink of an eye, they say, before you know it, they say but you don't believe it. Then a wind comes. Go down to Ty's room? Check? Be sure? Ty isn't there Fred knows this but he does it just the same. The room is empty, as he knew it would be. And it looks oddly distorted, almost sinister, with the dresser now on the other side. Judy. You left her alone, you idiot. She'll be chewing paper again by now, they're clever, mad people are clever Fred dashes back down to the master bedroom and exhales a sigh of relief when he sees Judy lying just as he left her, face-down, hair spread around her head. He discovers that his worries about his mad wife are now secondary to his worries about his missing son. He'll be home by four, at the latest . . . take it to the bank. So he had thought. But four has come and gone. A strong wind has arisen and blown the bank away. Fred walks to his side of the bed and sits down beside his wife's splayed right leg. He picks up the phone and punches in a number. It's an easy number, only three digits. â€Å"Yell-o, Police Department, Officer Dulac speaking, you've dialed 911, do you have an emergency?† â€Å"Officer Dulac, this is Fred Marshall. I'd like to speak to Dale, if he's still there.† Fred is pretty sure Dale is. He works late most nights, especially since He pushes the rest away, but inside his head the wind blows harder. Louder. â€Å"Gee, Mr. Marshall, he's here, but he's in a meeting and I don't think I can â€Å" â€Å"Get him.† â€Å"Mr. Marshall, you're not hearing me. He's in with two guys from the WSP and one from the FBI. If you could just tell me â€Å" Fred closes his eyes. It's interesting, isn't it? Something interesting here. He called in on the 911 line, but the idiot on the other end seems to have forgotten that. Why? Because it's someone he knows. It's good old Fred Marshall, bought a Deere lawn tractor from him just the year before last. Must have dialed 911 because it was easier than looking up the regular number. Because no one Bobby knows can actually have an emergency. Fred remembers having a similar idea himself that morning a different Fred Marshall, one who believed that the Fisherman could never touch his son. Not his son. Ty's gone.Gorg fascinated him and the abbalah took him. â€Å"Hello? Mr. Marshall? Fred? Are you still â€Å" â€Å"Listen to me,† Fred says, his eyes still closed. Down at Goltz's, he would be calling the man on the other end Bobby by now, but Goltz's has never seemed so far away; Goltz's is in the star-system Opopanax, on Planet Abbalah. â€Å"Listen to me carefully. Write it down if you have to. My wife has gone mad and my son is missing. Do you understand those things? Wife mad. Son missing. Now put me through to the chief!† But Bobby Dulac doesn't, not right away. He has made a deduction. A more diplomatic police officer ( Jack Sawyer as he was in his salad days, for instance) would have kept said deduction to himself, but Bobby can't do that. Bobby has hooked a big one. â€Å"Mr. Marshall? Fred? Your son doesn't own a Schwinn, does he? Three-speed Schwinn, red? Got a novelty license plate that reads . . . uh . . . BIG MAC?† Fred cannot answer. For several long and terrible moments he cannot even draw a breath. Between his ears, the wind blows both louder and harder. Now it's a hurricane. Gorg fascinated him . . . the abbalah took him. At last, just when it seems he will begin to strangle himself, his chest unlocks and he takes in a huge, tearing breath. â€Å"PUT CHIEF GIL-BERTSONON!DOITNOW,YOUMOTHERFUCKER!† Although he shrieks this at the top of his lungs, the woman lying face-down on the coverlet beside him never moves. There is a click. He's on hold. Not for long, but it's long enough for him to see the scratched, bald place on his missing son's bedroom wall, the swelled column of his mad wife's throat, and blood dribbling through the creel in his dream. His back spasms cruelly, and Fred welcomes the pain. It's like getting a telegram from the real world. Then Dale is on the phone, Dale is asking him what's wrong, and Fred Marshall begins to cry.

Mystic Monk Case Study 1

James Farris Case Study #1 2/28/13 Mystic Monk Case 1. Father Daniel Mary is a man that is very dedicated to his church and seems to have a distinct passion for expanding the Carmelite Monks. Father Mary seeks expansion by the purchasing of the 8. 9 million dollar Irma Lake ranch out in the mountains of Wyoming, and by doing this, he hopes to create a place of pure worship, peace, and adoration. After the purchase of this ranch he hopes to expand the current number of monks of 13, to 30. The increase in space will allow more room for interaction and collaboration among the monks.Father Mary see’s the acquisition of the ranch as the future of the monastery and the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming. He knows that his vision of purchasing the ranch would require careful planning and execution. A way he seeks in raising money for this vast purchase is an increase in the revenues from Mystic Monk Coffee. 2. Father Mary assumed that the secluded monastic environment offered unique challeng es to functioning a business enterprise, but it also provided chances that were not obtainable to secular businesses.He committed to develop an execution strategy that would allow Mystic Monk Coffee to minimize the outcome of its cloistered monastic constraints, maximize the potential of monastic opportunities, and understand his vision of buying the Irma Lake Ranch. It seems Father Mary has a definite set of objectives and performance targets to achieve his goal. 3. Mystic Monk Coffee is going to have to make some financial changes if they are wanting to achieve their goal.This can come anyway from making spending cuts, to changing slogans and the way they market their product. An appeal to Catholics to, ‘use their Catholic coffee dollar for Christ and his Catholic church†, was published on the Mystic Monk Coffee website. This is a definite marketing ploy to try and increase sales. Mystic Monk has an advantage over other coffee brands because many customers see their pu rchase as helping the people of god, whether this is morally right or wrong, it is a clear advantage for Mystic Monk Coffee. . Mystic Monk Coffee makes most of its sales online, with a seldom few being over the phone. A 12-ounce bag on their website runs $9. 95, with purchasing of three or more bags qualifying for free shipping. They also give you the option of joining a â€Å"coffee club†, which offers monthly delivery of one to six bags of preselected coffee. The website also offers T-shirts, gift cards and CD’s. It is good the majority of their business is done over the internet seeing how our world is becoming almost completely internet based.At the end of MMC’s first year in operation, its sales of coffee and accessories averaged about $56,500 per month, but their total net profit of this was only 11%, bringing their total net profits to $6,215 per month, or $74,580 per year. This number would have to increase if they are wishing to a acquire the $8. 9 mill ion dollar Irma Lake Ranch. 5. Yes, it qualifies as a winning strategy. Just as long as Father Mary stays dedicated with his vision and makes the proper financial decisions. The acquisition of the ranch isn’t in any way unreasonable. 6.To make this dream become a reality Father Mary is just going to have to do a great job of communicating his project to others, and make sure his fellow Monks are on the same page with him as to what needs to be accomplished. Mystic Monk Coffee will also have to see a significant increase in donations if they are going to make their vision a reality. They need to make Catholic’s within the faith from our the world aware of what they are trying to accomplish. I believe if Father Mary sticks to his vision, they will be able to purchase the Irma Lake Ranch.

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Article Review of Goodbye to the Age of Newspapers by Paul Starr - Essay Example The main source of revenue for the newspaper companies in advertising has been greatly invaded by the internet which offers cheaper and more flexible mode of information distribution. Subsequently newspapers have slowly been wiped out through staff and company buy outs that have been associated with the low revenue and the numerous debts. He cites a variety of companies that have fallen victim of this movement alongside the recent financial crisis that worsened the problem. He also goes on to interrogate the reason as to why this a great concern for the community and the society in general. The newspaper companies are a source of income for the thousands of professional journalists, editors and writers who are since falling to the unemployed category after massive layoffs to maintain the profitability of the companies. The newspaper venture continues to receive a great challenge from the advancement in technology and this has made it quite unbearable an intolerable for the newspaper companies. The newspaper has been known to provide originality in the coverage of public affairs as opposed to the violence, crime and traffic tie-ups that have often dominated the internet and television broadcasts. This reduction in the content of reporting allows room for the defilement of the democratic spirit in the country since the newspaper have a great role in ensuring that this does not happen through public reporting. Social vices such as corruption begin to appe ar in the society and mostly the government which is kept on check by aggressive public reporting. This therefore has adverse implications on the health of the country’s democracy and the future of public politics. The influx of technology and specifically the internet was meant to amplify the cornucopia of information due to its flexibility. This has however occurred at the expense of the value of reported

Religious diversity in the US public agencies Term Paper

Religious diversity in the US public agencies - Term Paper Example It is because of such situations that the American government has worked towards ensuring that the various instances of religious discrimination are identified and dealt with appropriately so that all people in the workplace can be able to conduct their activities in an environment where there is no fear of being treated differently because of their religion (Marsden 1990, p.45). Moreover, individuals such as Dalia Mogahed have worked tirelessly to ensure that there is an understanding of the Muslim faith in the western world, especially in the United States so that there can be more interaction between people of other religions and Muslims instead of isolation based on stereotypes. Dalia Mogahed, through her organization Mogahed Consulting has worked to ensure that there is a better understanding of Muslims, their culture, and their aspirations so that a more positive light of Muslims can be developed on the global arena (Schultz & Harvey, 2010).. Mogahed Consulting realizes that many individuals in the western world believe that it is Muslims who are largely responsible for many of the problems in the world such as the rise in terrorism. This perception became even more prevalent after the 9/11 attacks when the stereotype of Muslims as potential terrorists became hardened. This perception was even transferred to the workplace, where Muslims were treated differently and at times with fear because some believed that they were all potential terrorists (Paulson, 2008). Moreover, there were and continue to be instances where Muslims become victims of discrimination in a manner where it is hard for them to gain employment that they apply for because of their religi ous beliefs. Mogahed Consulting helps in the dispersal of these stereotypes so that a better perception of Muslims all over the world can be seen where Muslims are not considered to be the cause of

Should School Curriculum be Standardized for All Essay

Should School Curriculum be Standardized for All - Essay Example Given this perspective, this paper will seek to set forth why there is need for a standardized school curriculum to all. To begin with, the current system of school curriculum has a multi track system whereby, learners do not have equal learning objectives. Consequently, cases of failure are prevalent amongst many students. The backdrop of this argument seeks to put across that, there is need to have a school curriculum that students have control over what enters their minds (Anderson 69). This will provide an advent opportunity that is of paramount importance to their ability to understand and comprehend with what tutors pass on to them. Presence of a school curriculum where young people can control their learning decisions directly can present students with an aspect with a power to cultivate proficiency (Ross 27). This is because, schools provide an environment that is exclusive from what is countering the outside world and with that respect, standardizing the school curriculum is a requirement acceptable to all as well. Arguably, there is need to have a standardized school curriculum that enables students to interact more with their educators. It is intriguing to understand that it is important to have a set standard of school curriculum that provides a fundamental right to learn. ... It is the responsibility of the school curriculum to provide a balance for both students and educators (Ross 51). According to a number of educational analysts, a standard school curriculum is a vital system of education since it has an equal and quintessential influence on students, which in turn leads to equal and balanced learning. Standardized school curriculum is advantageous hence, its need since it provides learners with self-motivation. With reference to research findings, it is arguable that not many learners like attending school (Phelps 40). Nevertheless, a cognitive prospectus highlights that, a standardized school curriculum does not only provide a basis to developing honesty within learners, but also cultivates self-motivation (Long 54). Motivation is a fundamental aspect in students as it determines the future of the student given the fact that education is beneficial to every person. At this point, you should be able to understand that the standardized school curricul um only assists all learners in making decisions regarding their future rather than leave that opportunity to either the students or parents. It is a joint decision that involves rules set out by the curriculum, prospects of the parents or guardians, and the choice of the learner (Anderson 83). Moreover, standardized school curriculum brings about a sense of specialization and adaptation. This system has the potential to compromise the inputs of both the learner and educators. Today’s generation requires an adaptive curriculum in both the school and in the curriculum itself. Just as some proponents of standardized school curriculum asserts, the world of today needs a curriculum that excludes what is not essential and includes almost every

Gambling Law - topic yet to be approved Research Paper

Gambling Law - topic yet to be approved - Research Paper Example However, there are those that are proponents of setting the minimum legal age at 18 years as is the case in the United Kingdom (UK). A number of other countries especially in Europe have also set the minimum legal age at 18 years. Therefore, which is the most appropriate minimum age? This paper details the arguments for both sides outlining the various areas that have set different restrictions and their reasons for doing this. II. BACKGROUND Gambling is the wagering of something valuable or money as a stakes on an uncertain event with the intention of winning an additional amount of money or any other valuable good. Gambling activities have been legalized in most parts of the world and are major commercial activities with $335 billion being generated from the legal gambling market in 2009. (Champion Jr and Rose, 2012) In many jurisdictions both local and international, gambling is either banned or heavily controlled through licensing. This has resulted in gambling tourism as well as illegal gambling in other parts of the world. Through regulation and taxation of gambling activities, governments and gaming organizations have had to work closely especially in countries where legal gambling is a significant source of government revenue, like in Macau or Monaco. There are many types of gambling: casino games, non-casino games like lotteries, table games, bingo among many others. (William, 1996) It is possible for any game to be played for money and by so doing this can be considered as a form of gambling. Being a popular pastime activity worldwide for thousands of years, there is overwhelming evidence that indicates that gambling existed in ancient Egypt, China, Rome, Greece and India. With the increased popularity of the Internet, this was an avenue through which entrepreneurs could further expand the gaming industry. The first Internet gambling site was hosted in August 1995. To date, there are over 2,000 Internet gambling websites that offer a variety of wageri ng options. (Champion Jr and Rose, 2012) A comparative analysis of different age restrictions in both the US and the UK gives an insight as to the reasons behind the setting of these restrictions. A brief proposal will be made as to the way forward leading to the conclusion on what restrictions are appropriate and for what reasons. III. DISCUSSION Age Restrictions in the US Gambling is legally controlled in USA and its availability as well as participation has been on the rise in recent years. According to the American Gaming Association (AGA), gambling activities generated $92.27 billion in gross revenues in the year 2007, providing 354,000 jobs in commercial casinos and $5.2 billion as state and local tax revenues. Internet gambling has significantly widened extensively as a form of gambling in the US. In the year 2006, Internet gambling in the US accounted for half of the worldwide revenue generated. (Champion Jr and Rose, 2012) However, despite being a source of regressive tax t o the government and the economy, critics claim that gambling also leads to increased compulsive gambling, political corruption and higher crime rates. The government through the AGA has legalized and authorized many forms of gambling with the aim of raising money without raising taxes. This incorporates everything from church basements with bingo games to poker tournaments with multi-million dollar winnings. The AGA, founded in 1994, promotes, educates and lobbies on behalf of the gaming

Cell molecular biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cell molecular biology - Essay Example array expression data for the cyclin genes of Tetrhymena thermophila were collected in an attempt to assess the role of individual cyclin gene products in the complex process of conjugation that characterizes the cell division cycle of this unicellular eukaryotic microorganism. The expression data were obtained from genomic databases and also from reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) performed to explore the cyclic expression patterns of the cyclin mRNAs during the cell cycle of T. thermophila. The results of this analysis indicated that most of the 23 identified cyclin genes in this microorganism are transcriptionally activated at specific points during the cell cycle. The combined assessment of expression patterns and comparative sequence analysis with studies that detail the sequence of cellular events that characterizes the process of conjugation were used to generate a hypothesis about the putative functions of each of the cyclin genes of T. thermophila in t he unique series of meiotic and meitotic cell divisions that characterizes the process of conjugation. The process of cell division in the ciliated protozoans involves a complex pattern of meiotic and mitotic cell divisions as well as major nuclear restructuring events that comprise a mode of cell division that involves mechanisms of genetic exchange that characterize the unique pattern of sexual reproduction in this primitive eukaryotic microorganism that is called conjugation. This process is initiated in response to stressful environmental conditions. The initial event involves the pairing of two cells of different mating types (I-IV) followed by meiosis and the exchange of the haploid nuclei produced during meiotic cell division. Subsequently, the nucleus of the zygote in each cell engages in several rounds of mitotic cell division. The end result is the production of two nuclei with each cell: a transcriptionally silent micronucleus and a transcriptionally active

My Apllication form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My Apllication form - Assignment Example The employees bring the main problem on center stage, and we all find a solution to it. The other problem I faced was internal conflicts often in my organization. There were some employees with conflicting ideas. Furthermore, some employees in FORD felt they were left behind when it came to promotion. Some wanted transfers to big retails of the company. They are very simple issues that require the skills that I leant while in college, to sort them out (Senturia, 2013 pg 1). To solve a problem like this, I would understand deeply the problem. I would define the depth of team dynamics. After defining the depth, I would use my position as an IT expert to research on the possible causes of the problem. There are very broad causes that would come up, but I would specialize on the most likely causes (Darr, 2013 pg 8-22). I would then review each of the results and I plan the necessary recommendations to implement. I would prepare a tally sheet to conduct a survey to establish if my plans worked as planned (Maxwell, 2009 pg 25). There are times when I was part of a team and there was a difference of opinion. I viewed our competitors as lucky because they had no conflicts with their administration. My team lacked the skills of airing their views (Bondigas, 2014 pg 1). They opted for aggressive reactions when their issues did not take consideration. During ICT meetings, I could differ with certain opinions that looked oppressive. They were a situation where the Human Resource manager proposed that interns should work during the holidays. It was to keep the business running in any period. Some employees and I differed with this proposal. Furthermore, my team of IT experts differed on the opinion about installation of messaging software. The software was to assist in reducing time spent while passing information from one office to another. I had to find a quick solution (Kennett, 2011 pg 1). I took an emotional state when

Fallacies and Generalizations Essay Example for Free

Fallacies and Generalizations Essay Fallacies and generalizations of complex topics is common in today’s high-pace society. Even before the era of 24/7 news, it was often easier to persuade people to an action if the terms were simplified. Unfortunately, this simplification often mires debates, and those who have no cost to being wrong often burden others with the cost of making a wrong decision. As I have been reading Economic Facts and Fallacies (by Sowell), many of the common fallacies of today’s economics and culture situations are broken down to reveal possible causes, as well as the true causes. For today’s post, common fallacies and generalizations will be defined, as well as an example of each. When debating with others, watch out for these fallacies and call them out when you are able to. 1. Ad hominem One of the most common fallacies today, in which an argument is linked to a personal characteristic or belief to the opposition. It should not be confused with general name-calling or with legitimate concerns of the opposition’s motives for arguing. Example: Mark: Gay marriage is wrong. Susan: Well, to you it is because you are a Christian. Mark: All the reasons against have had nothing to do with religion. Susan: You are religious so it does not matter what your reasons are for not supporting gay marriage. 2. Argument from Authority Simply put, an argument/statement is correct because someone with recognized authority (person or organization) has said it is correct or endorses the position. It is commonly seen in commercials, but also prevalent in areas of debate that do rely upon factual data. Arguments based on a person’s expertise must be heavily scrutinized, especially in the scientific and mathematical fields, which require non-biased data to support conclusions in experiments. Example: â€Å"Hi, I’m (Athlete) here to talk to you about the amazing advantages of using the Dental Pro-Product Extreme! Example 2: Susan: Global Warming has not yet been conclusively proven to have been caused by human activities. Mark: 90% of scientists with the UN and many climate agencies around the world have agreed that man is the cause of this Warming. 3. Appeal to Emotion The fallacy of appealing to emotion is broad, a person can appeal to fear, ridicule, or some positive benefit. Emotion though has not place in a debate based upon facts. Example: Mark: If we don’t support our troops, then our national security is at risk! Who really wants to let up security so terrorists can sneak through and harm us? 4. Correlation does not imply Causation One of the biggest generalizations committed today is this one. Many of the fallacies in Sowell’s book revolve around this type of fallacy including various â€Å"discrimination† such as the gender-wage gap, and black-white income/education gap. The other problem with this generalization is that it generally applies broadly to a diverse group, such as â€Å"women†. Example: Mark: Women consistently earn 75 cents per dollar that men make doing the same jobs despite all the advances they have made over the years. Susan: Did you know that women, as a group, tend to choose jobs that are lower pay and have less hours? And that when compared individually, productivity differences due to time off from work explain the gap? 5. Slippery Slope The bane of many internet debates and political debates is the slippery slope fallacy. It is often combined with other fallacies to make the argument stronger. In essence, the person will use this fallacy to say that a small event will cascade into ever larger events, typically against the wishes of the audience. Susan: If we legalize prostitution, then drug use will increase. Which means more tax dollars will be needed to combat the rise in crime that will result, and schools will need to enforce stricter drug policies to protect children. Mark: Why not legalize drugs as well? Shouldn’t people be free to use their bodies as they please? Many, many, infinitely many more fallacies exist. Generalizations are also common when people are treated as a homogeneous group, such as the income differences amongst ethnic groups in the United States. Of course, at times fallacies and generalizations can be useful, if they are true and conform to reason, but for every-day usage, most are just to win the debate and shame the opponent one way or another.

The Effects Of Using Cartoon Videos

The Effects Of Using Cartoon Videos Using multimedia is more and more useful in teaching and it has been applied as teaching materials for language teacher. Audiovisual method helps language learners not only understand what they hear but also improve their vocabulary, pronunciation. To encourage the development students listening comprehension, audiovisual materials with subtitles were supposed a powerful pedagogical tool which can help improve the vocabulary learning of second-language learners by Fazilatfar, Ghorbani L. Samavarchi (2011). The main purpose this paper investigates teaching method of using audiovisual material as cartoon videos with subtitles and this paper is a survey to get results of the effect of using cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles to develop English listening skill of first years students at Quang Trung technical college in Vietnam, who are fifty students of low-level of English. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the variety of educational technology offers language teachers more opportunities when they select materials as multimedia or electronic to teach students the target language in the classroom (Shiao-Ling Tsai, 2011). Cartoon videos with subtitles are kind of useful and important audiovisual materials in teaching/ learning the second language. Also, cartoons have supposed a potentially valuable contribution in teaching by Van Wyk (2011) and they have visually impacted all students immediately without discrimination of age or background, are able to respond in some way to the educational point being made. Indeed, Cartoon videos with subtitles are kind of useful and important audiovisual materials in teaching/ learning the second language. Using educational cartoon videos with subtitles can attract students attention, so develop the students motivation on listening skill and effect of vocabulary acquisition on listening skill. The purpose of listening comprehension, the student must understand what good listening comprehension entails and understand meaning of the dialogue, so vocabulary learning was often consider to be of paramount importance (Taiwei Wu, 2008). To understand the importance of subtitle towards vocabulary acquisition and improve listening skill through watching cartoon videos/ audiovisual materials, many teachers help students how to get that. In a research of a group of authors as Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011) expressed that acquisition of various types of language properties may be acquired by watching subtitled television programs, which may use to be improvement in the ability to discern separate words in the flow of spoken language, word pronunciation, and proficiency in constructing correct sentences. However, in the other line this group of researches has also supposed more and more English a foreign language (EFL) teacher have begun to use movies in their classes at different levels. But the teachers of English Were sometimes in a dilemma whether they should show a  ¬Ã‚ lm with or without subtitles and in what language and, above all, which way will bene ¬Ã‚ t their students most in relation to listening comprehension. This means that the vocabulary plays role as language subtitles are very important in development of listening skill. Many researchers have ever carried out on audiovisual materials/ cartoon videos with subtitles on listening comprehension/ listening skill of language learners and many important finding have figured out. However, with the latest researches that can relate much with this research paper, and they were found strong points to inherit and weak points to study for the best knowledge of this paper for contexts of language students in Vietnam. Also, the researcher of this paper takes up the issues and conducts study in order to determine the role of Vietnamese subtitles in language learning and teaching for low-level of first students at Quang Trung technical college. In other words, the aim of study would like to find out what of method is likely to be more effective in developing English listening skill for low-level students. With relevant articles, which researcher of this paper found out to answer the following sub-research questions? What are the effects of cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles on vocabulary acquisition? How can the language teachers use cartoon videos with subtitles effectually in teaching English listening comprehension? LITERATURE REVIEW Many researchers have ever studied about many aspects of audiovisual material on listening comprehension/ listening skill. However, among these, the researcher of this paper find out some researches that relevant to the effect of subtitling on vocabulary acquisition and the support of subtitle on listening skill through watching cartoon videos. The subtitles effect on vocabulary acquisition. In the research of Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011), He recruited participants as 65 children of Taiwanese fifth graders from 2 classes at elementary school in Tai Chung. All of them have learned English for two years at least and have been taught by the same English teacher at school during research. The participants were divided into 2 groups with one English-subtitle watching the English cartoon videos with English subtitle and one non-subtitle watching the English cartoon videos without English subtitles for 20 minutes each lesson. After three-month course ended up, the post-test was conducted to test the students English listening comprehension with following interview results : While viewing the video, 50% of students of the English-subtitle group and 90% of the students of the non-subtitle group worried that they may not understand what the characters said. 80% of the students of English-subtitle group and 90% the students of the non-subtitle group said they paid attention when they vie wed the video. 70% of the students of the English-subtitle group and also 70% of the students of the non-subtitle group thought that they may not understand the content of the video without Chinese subtitle. 70% of students of the English-subtitle group and 100% of the students of non-subtitle group responded they guessed the meanings when they did not understand what the characters said. Besides, Shiao-Ling Tsai remarked that most of the English-subtitle group students were excited while they watched the videos and learning attitude seemed better than that of the non-subtitle group. In summary, from the research of Shiao-Ling Tsai, there was the effect of vocabulary acquisition in watching cartoon videos through using subtitles or not subtitles. Understanding the content of cartoon videos or not which is criticized by cartoon videos with subtitles. Those mean that vocabulary acquisition to be provided through cartoon videos. In addition, one more evidence which persuaded that the subtitles effected on vocabulary acquisition. In the research of Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi (2010),The effect of standard and reversed subtitling versus no subtitling mode on L2 vocabulary learning, the researchers of this study writing had found vocabulary scores of participants who watched the movie in subtitling condition were higher than without subtitles. The researchers of this study carried out studying with 100 Iranian EFL learners, who had studied English as a compulsory course during their junior high school and high school. Moreover, they were enrolled at a private English center called Oxford institute presently and also had finish the Intro level of Interchange Third Edition series and had started the Interchange 1 level. Then, the5-minute-long episode of an animated cartoon was selected for the experiment with following three groups: Group A (non-subtitling) included those participants who watched the movi e with original sound track and without the subtitles, Group B (standard subtitling) watched the movie in a foreign language (English) in sound track and native language (Persian) in subtitles, and Group C (reversed subtitling) watched the movie with foreign language (English) in subtitles and native language (Persian) in sound track. After watching, the test results of the tests administered were analyzed by three form tests namely 1.form recognition, 2.meaning translation, and 3.multiple-choice. With the form recognition test, scores in the reversed subtitled (C) condition were higher than in the standard subtitled condition (B), and scores those in the standard subtitled condition (B) were relatively higher than in the non-subtitled condition (A); with meaning translation test, the results were suggested that the participants in the reversed subtitled condition (C) outperformed those in the standard subtitled condition (B), and the participants in the standard subtitled condition (B) outperformed those in the non-subtitled condition (A). Finally, with multiple-choice test indicated that: lexical gains in the reversed subtitled condition (C) were higher than those in the standard subtitled condition (B), and lexical gains in the standard subtitled condition (B) were higher than those in the non-subtitled condition (A) One study by Abdolmajid and Firooz (2011) focused on 90 students with the average age 22, who were chosen from a group of 200 juniors and seniors majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language on the basis of their scores on the English language pro ¬Ã‚ ciency test at Islamic Azad University of Masjed Soleyman in south west of Iran. They were divided into three groups randomly to watch film with English Subtitle Group (ESG), Persian Subtitle Group (PSG) and Without Subtitle Group (WSG). After 6 weeks researchers of this writing conducted experimental research, results hade collected from a multiple-choice comprehension test in each section of day, which was administered in order to evaluate their listening comprehension and provide grounds for comparison. Besides, results had been also collected by the final test of viewpoints about the effect of subtitled and/or non-subtitled  ¬Ã‚ lms. By score results, researchers of this writing supposed that students had learned not onl y vocabulary through the English videos with English subtitles but also getting more benefit through English videos subtitled in Persian. On the whole, the researchers were found above, which refer for this writing the cartoons videos with subtitles effect on vocabulary acquisition. The research papers forwarded videos with subtitles or without subtitles, and subtitles in the first language (L1) or the second language (English-L2). The researcher of these writings recognized that the effects of videos with subtitles are not only on listening comprehension but also on vocabulary acquisition by their subtitles. Such as in the research The effects of viewing subtitles of English cartoon videos on Taiwanese fifth graders English listening comprehension was written by Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011), Chinese subtitles in English cartoon video also help students in listening comprehension and reminiscence vocabulary. Besides, English videos with Persian subtitles (Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi , 2010) help students to understand meaning vocabulary and improve listening comprehension better , this is consistent with the consider ation by Abdolmajid and Firooz (2011). From these reasonable considerations, the researcher of this paper judges that cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles effect on vocabulary positively with students of low-level English in Vietnam. Cartoon videos with subtitles are used effectually in teaching English listening comprehension. The use of cartoon videos with subtitles appropriately with context/ circumstance and object of learners is much benefit in teaching listening comprehension. Language teachers are suggested to consider the benefit of using captions when teaching listening skills through video viewing (Jing-mei Chung, 1999), which could not only make comprehension of authentic video less difficult and encourage conscious language learning but also increase students interest in maintaining or increasing their knowledge of the target language by promoting new lexicon in a appropriate context. Moreover, the video programmes with English subtitles would motivate students to improve their listening comprehension more than other programmes but watching a film with L1 subtitles, which made them understand the film better was claimed to be suitable for beginners because of the limited rang of vocabulary items Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011). The suitability of context with object of learners as children was through research of Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011). In this study, Taiwanese fifth graders were chosen to research about the effects of viewing subtitles of English cartoon videos on listening comprehension. And the kind of English cartoon videos were not only suitable and interesting videos for children as The Ant Bully, The Wild, Valiant, The Incredibles, and Flushed but also educational morals of contents. Subtitles and vocabulary were simple because of suitable cartoon videos styles that made language learners, as children seem to be motivate and interesting in watching. However, the results had acquired on listening comprehension through watching cartoon videos with subtitles and without that was difference. On the contrary, Paul Markham (1999), he chose participants who were advanced, uni- versity-level ESL students participated in the study. They were intensive English language students who represented fifteen differen t first language backgrounds. With 2 two excerpts from educational television programs as whales and civil rights, but both of them were approximately of equal difficulty and the syntactic complexity of the captions. Thus, to use of cartoon videos in suitable object of learners and context on listening comprehension, this is important for teaching language. In addition, In a study of Jing-mei Chung (1999), the research was carried out to study on 183, 17 to 19 year-old, 4th year non-English major students of technology school, in Taiwan. With the circumstance, these students were chosen in the random circumstance and in low-intermediate of English proficiency. Besides, the training of their English listening was neglected in long time, and the students environment is surrounded by mother tongue. The two episodes were chosen to view which was one of school material videos caption, Family Album, U.S.A.: Book I, is Basic English and improvement of learners. Jing-mei Chung collected the results from multiple-choice test and open-ended attitude questionnaire and considered that most students mentioned video captions in the target language and in their mother language. And he also judged caption in target language making propitious condition for students listening comprehension. However, using video captions in the circumstance of crowded stu dents and irregular English listening are not very effectively. The method of Researches and research findings The latest researcher used many ways in their research methods in order to find out the best findings in teaching Language listening comprehension through videos with caption/subtitles or cartoon videos with subtitles. The first, in the study about the effect of applying two techniques to video viewing of Jing mei Chung (1999) who used Multiple-choice test and survey Open-Ended attitude questionnaire in his researcher to analyze so that he brought out findings of using advance organizers and captions. And these findings were suggest to do benefit more than using one technique only in teaching listening comprehension for students. The second, by analysis of results with quantitative and interview method through the research The effects of captioning videos used for foreign language listening activity of Paula, Susan, Tetyana (2010), which they researched on 150 foreign language learners from a large Midwestern university in the USA with 2 times of watching videos (with no captioning and with captioning). The finding, which they found out to be listening twice to a video, could reduce listeners anxiety, activate selective and global listening strategies, and promote automaticity in processing of listening. The third, Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011) used Multiple-choice tests only to evaluate the results through a pilot study with 90 Iranian students who were at average age 22, studying Islamic Azad University of Masjed Soleyman. Based on results of score of 3 groups (English Subtitle Group, Persian Subtitle Group, Without Subtitle Group) after watching a documentary film, which help them to find out the finding for research title: The effect of  ¬Ã‚ lms with and without subtitles on listening comprehension of EFL learners. The results demonstrated that students listening comprehension would improve through video programmes with English subtitles more than the other programmes. But because of students limited range of vocabulary items, watching a f ilm with the mother tongue language was supposed to be suitable for beginning learners. To summarize, in order that the English learners develop listening comprehension for language learners in Vietnam better, various strategies of teaching and learning through subtitled materials need to be chosen appropriately, such as English cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles will create learners more easily understanding of content than without subtitles. Moreover, watching L1 subtitling videos/ L1 subtitling cartoon video may help student acquire vocabulary or improve English words easily, this is suitable with English learners in Vietnam, specially, for elementary English level of learners. Limitation of the latest researches and appropriateness for the context of language learners in Vietnam The purpose of this research paper is finding out the effects of audiovisual materials such as cartoon videos with subtitles on development of listening comprehension for the second language learners (English language learners), and limitation of research contexts or research materials and research of relevant researches that suggest whether they will be appropriate application with this paper or not. In one study of the use cartoons with subtitles so that teaching vocabulary (Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi, 2010), which researchers made a pilot study of watching cartoon videos in three conditions: without subtitles, English dialogues with Persian subtitles and Parisian dialogues with English subtitles. These researchers only paid attention to vocabulary acquisition through subtitling-video, without mention listening comprehension, though achievement of listening comprehension. Additionally, learning through cartoon videos with subtitle to develop one field of English for specif ic such as English listening comprehension of economics of Van Wyk (2011), he only mentioned that how the videos with subtitles helped major students of economy had the best way of comprehension about the context of nations economy. Perhaps this method should use for teaching specific English. Besides, using educational cartoon videos with subtitles about animals in development of listening comprehension (Shiao-Ling Tsai, 2011; Paula, Susan, Tetyana (2010), vocabulary acquisition and their contents were limited for one subject matter as animals, thus listening comprehension did not uphold to other subject matter, such as communicate English. Circumstances of language students of Quang Trung technical college are low-level of communicate English. English is not supposed important in students thought in their future, so they do not have much motivation to study but that is not judicious awareness because English is an international language that becomes indispensability for everyone. Moreover, their English, which they were taught in secondary schools and high schools before was Basic English with writing and reading comprehension better than listening and speaking comprehension. So their listening comprehension is rated weakly. With the purpose of development listening comprehension, the research of this paper would like to use English cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles to help them study better. Therefore, the research methods are relevant above, which may help the writer of this paper in references of appropriate findings for writing paper of methodology. Conclusion In conclusion, many researchers studied about the effects of videos with subtitles on listening comprehension of second language learners and they have also come up important findings that help teaching methods of language teachers better in the epoch, which English is international language. By the reference of relevant researches, the researcher of this paper summarized some of findings of the latest researchers in order to approach those findings in bringing into play of research method. However, for object students study communicate English, who are at the age of 16 to 22 year-old, selecting of kind of appropriate cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles and time length of viewing so that conduction is good for findings in methodology of this research paper.

About network topology

About network topology Task: 1 Network Topology: Network topology is the study of the arrangement or mapping of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a network, especially the physical (real) and logical (virtual) interconnections between nodes. A local area network (LAN) is one example of a network that exhibits both a physical topology and a logical topology. Any given node in the LAN will have one or more links to one or more other nodes in the network and the mapping of these links and nodes onto a graph results in a geometrical shape that determines the physical topology of the network. Types of Network Topology: The arrangement or mapping of the elements of a network gives rise to certain basic topologies which may then be combined to form more complex topologies (hybrid topologies). The most common of these basic types of topologies are: Star Topology. Bus Topology. Ring Topology. Mesh Topology. Star Topology: Advantages and Disadvantages of Star Topology: Advantages: Batter performance. Isolation of devices Benefits from centralization Disadvantages of Star Topology: The high dependence of the system on the functioning of the central switch The performance and scalability of the network depend of the switch. Bus Topology: Advantages and Disadvantages of Bus Network: Advantages: Easy to implement and extend Requires less cable length than a star topology Cheaper than other topologies. Disadvantages: Limited cable length and number of stations. If there is a problem with the cable, the entire network goes down. Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run. Ring Topology: Advantages Very orderly network where every device has access to the token and the opportunity to transmit Performs better than a star topology under heavy network load Can create much larger network using Token Ring Disadvantages One malfunctioning workstation or bad port in the MAU can create problems for the entire network Moves, adds and changes of devices can affect the network Network adapter cards and MAUs are much more expensive than Ethernet cards and switches Much slower than an Ethernet network under normal load Mesh Topology: A full mesh topology occurs when every node on the network has a separate wire connecting it to very other node on the network. It provides each device with a point-to- point connection to every other device in the network. A full mesh topology is redundant because if any one node of connection fails, all remaining nodes can continue communicating. Topology Choice: I choice star and mesh topology because these two topologies are best topology from other topology. In here establish a network for a police station, this police station has accident emergency department, maternity department, childrens unite, x-ray department and eye department. At first I choice the star topology but its have some disadvantage the primary disadvantage of a star topology is the high dependence of the system on the functioning of the central switch. While the failure of an individual link only results in the isolation of a single node, the failure of the central switch renders the network inoperable, immediately isolating all departments. The performance and scalability of the network also depend on the capabilities of the switch. Network size is limited by the number of connections that can be made to the switch, and performance for the entire network is capped by its throughput. While in theory traffic between the switch and a node is isolated from other nodes on the network, other nodes may see a performance drop if traffic to another node occupies a significant portion of the central nodes processing capability or throughput. Furthermore, wiring up of the system can be very complex. And it has some Advantages too that are: Better performance: Passing of Data Packet through unnecessary nodes is prevented by this topology. At most 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any communication between any two devices which are part of this topology. This topology induces a huge overhead on the central switch, however if the central switch has adequate capacity, then very high network utilization by one device in the network does not affect the other devices in the network. Benefits from centralization: As the central switch is the bottleneck, increasing capacity of the central switch or adding additional devices to the star, can help scale the network very easily. The central nature also allows the inspection traffic through the network. This can help analyze all the traffic in the network and determine suspicious behavior. For this reason I also choice star topology. It will be main topology and need a topology it will be help for backup. Then choosing mesh topology that is maximum problem free. If star topology will disturb then mesh topology will help this time. Mesh topology cover dramatically more department and reach more users than other topology by relying on sophisticated mesh switching technology to increase range and topology capacity. Plug-and-play Setup and Configuration: Every mesh system works out of the box, without requiring sophisticated site-surveys or command-line setup. Hosted back-end system automatically configures every switch as part of this department topology, and the web-based centralized management shows how everything is working through a simple, intuitive interface that can be used from anywhere in the world. Scale to Thousands of Simultaneous Users: Field-tested by one department to other department, Mesh topology platform provides high quality of service to thousands of simultaneous users without missing a beat. Intelligent traffic queuing and packet prioritization, combined with the ability to add an unlimited number of additional network gateways, means your networks capacity can continue to grow with demand. Interference-aware Mesh Switching: Instead of relying on a single large antenna to cover every user, each radio in a mesh topology cooperates to find the best path to carry a users traffic to the Intranet. As they operate, every network re-evaluates thousands of switching paths every minute, resulting in amazing reliability and network capacity. Mesh intelligent mesh switching means every repeater you add extends the reach of the network and makes the mesh more reliable by adding additional links. Thats why I choice star and mash topology. These two topologies are join work together for police station departments. Each department of this police station is very important. Task: 2 The Internet is an excellent tool for collecting and transmitting data for a police station. It is possible to build a Web site for data entry without much programming experience using commercially available programs. Such a Web site allowed rapid, inexpensive and easy transfer of data between researchers and the coordinating center. It also permitted easy communications between the coordinating center and the investigators. Many technical and practical lessons were learned from this experience so that further systems may be more efficient and reliable. Once data are entered into the web pages and sent to an end-point (e.g., database, spreadsheet, or e-mail) they are checked and validated remotely by the owner of the end-point. Any feedback is sent to the user with time delay because there is no immediate interaction between the database and the user. This is the easiest way to set up a data entry Web site, but it lacks automatic and immediate interactivity. One-way data flow with client-sided validation Validation of the entered data can be performed on the client (browser) side. This is mostly done with JavaScript, a program language developed to run on browsers. The JavaScript code is sent with the HTML code (hypertext markup language, the computer language that defines the way web pages are displayed on a computer) of the web page to the user. It can react to false data entry or missing data with a message box informing the user. The advantage is that basic data check is performed before they are being sent. Yet, client-sided data validation has some major disadvantages (other than the need of programming knowledge). Because the JavaScript code is sent with the HTML code to the browser, the web pages are larger and this may lead to a longer download time, particularly for users with a slow Internet connection. In addition, anyone can see the programming code, a feature not always in the interest of the web site designer. Enterprise Networking Assignment September 2008 International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies Enterprise Networking  ©NCC Education Ltd 2008 Two-way data flow with server-sided validation After the data are entered and sent to the server they are validated and checked by a program residing on that server. Depending on the validation result, a new web page is generated by the web server and sent to the user with, for example, a request to reenter incorrect data or to confirm that all data have been correctly entered. With this technique, there is no extra load on the web pages and the programming code is not visible to the user. The main disadvantage (other than the need for extensive programming knowledge) is that the data first have to be sent to the server and a response has to be sent back to the user, the so-called client-server-client round trip. This may lead to a higher traffic workload, which can be annoying, especially to the user with a slow Internet connection. Two-way data flow with server and client-sided validation The combination of the server and client-side interaction seems to be the ideal solution from the point of user friendliness. Simple data validation is performed using client-side scripting, and more complex tasks are performed on the server side. Yet its implementation is time consuming and complex. Referring case history, status, diagnosis code, textual request are entered by the general practitioner. So instead of entering the detailed referring data, the administrator can choose the current case from the waiting list. On the other hand the family doctor can access his/her patients care data from the police station information system automatically as the actual police station care had been closed with the final documents. In this way the family doctor can see the treatments result before patient would show up in the doctors office with the paper-formed final report. By merging the final reports data of police station cases into the police station application system these data can be accessed for any future patient-visit. Question: Access issues for patients with disabilities, e.g. blind/partially-sighted. The police station authority creating a password protected web page on the police station website on which all information pertinent would be posted. A hard copy of the posted information would be available for reference at the police station. Discussion included the possibility of automatic notification to patient when information has been posted and the use of laptop computers at police station for each disable patient to access the posted information during the police station. Patients of the police station expressed their support of this proposal and asked that police station staff to establish a web-based system. There are two methods of roaming in a node-to-node configuration: Patchwork roaming and Mobile Mesh roaming. Nodes in a mobile mesh by their very nature roam in and out of coverage and between networks. With Patchwork roaming, wireless connection between clients hardware and mesh network, a wireless data networks, public Wi-Fi hotspots, and enterprise WLANs, are difficult to operate at best. The clients using Ipv4 that do not automatically change the IP address when moving between mesh nodes and wireless nodes. Manual intervention may be required. With Patchwork seamless roaming can be achieve; however, it requires DHCP to set every few seconds. The solution will be wait until Ipv6. Mobile meshes implements self-contained dynamic addressing and rendezvous technologies to simplify address management and enable true nomadic operation without reliance on external clients hardware. Mobile devices can join and leave a mobile mesh and/or connect to public or private fixed infrastructure, all while retaining connectivity to critical services. Wireless Mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network realm. There is two types of mesh topologies: full mesh and partial mesh. Full wireless mesh topology occurs when every node in a realm is connected to every other node in a network. Full mesh is yields the greatest amount of redundancy, so in the event that one of those nodes fails, network traffic can be directed to any of the other nodes. Full wireless mesh is difficult to achieve on a large scale using MeshAP; however, small-scale area like offices or small campus may be ideal. One should note that it is difficult to deploy a full mesh topology. Partial mesh topology yields less redundancy than full mesh topology. With partial mesh, some nodes are organized in a full mesh scheme but others are only connected to one or more nodes in the network realm. Partial mesh topology is commonly found in either small or large networks or fulfilling the last mile connection to a full meshed backbone. There are 4 main types of partial wireless mesh nodes topologies: Point-to-point Point-to-multipoint or Multipoint-to-point, and Multipoint-to-multipoint, Metropolitan Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks have long been the standard for fixed wireless deployments and some 802.11 based networks. In testing of mesh networks have proven to be most versatile, overcoming a number of disadvantages in traditional wireless topologies. This section will detail the fundamentals of MeshAP and its inherent advantages. Point-to-Point nodes topology A point-to-point network is the simplest form of wireless network, composed of two radio and two high gain antennas in direct communication with each other. Point to point links are often used to provide high-performance, dedicated connections or high-speed interconnect links. These links are quick to deploy individually, but do not easily scale to create a large network. Client used these nodes in a site-to-site configuration. Point to Multipoint nodes topology A point-to multipoint or a Multipoint to point nodes share link between an uplink node with omni directional antenna and repeater nodes or downlink nodes with high gain directional antennas. This type of network is easier to deploy than Point to point network because adding a new subscriber only requires equipment deployment at the subscriber site, not at the uplink node; however, each remote site must be within range and clear line of sight of the base station. Trees, hills and other line of sight obstruction make point to multipoint nods impractical for residential and home office coverage. A Point to Multipoint network is suited for either backhaul operations or customers that need reliable, high-speed connections, but are not willing to pay for dedicated capacity that may go unused. The nodes performed as a bridge to the uplink network and are generally in wired configuration for the clients. The problem with point to Multipoint node topology is that they are not design to mesh w ith other nodes due to the directional antenna. Multipoint nodes topology Multipoint to multipoint networks creates a routed mesh topology that mirrors the structure of a wired Internet. To build a mesh network, indoor or outdoor Internet access is first established with the deployment of an access switch connected to a wired ISP. Additional access routers are then deployed throughout the coverage area until a maximum density is achieved. Each access router not only provides access for attached users, but also become part of the network infrastructure by routing traffic through the network over multiple hops. This allows any client to join the network at any point of the mesh, even if the clients are not using a node. Client can access the entire mesh wireless or wired making this the best choice to deploy for areas that require larger coverage MeshAP. Metropolitan nodes topology Task 3 A method of half-duplex wireless communication comprising the steps of: transmitting from a base station to a plurality of mobile stations contained within one wireless communication cell that is serviced by the base station a Ready announcement indicating that the base station is ready to receive data on an uplink channel from the mobile stations, setting a random initial backoff time for each mobile station and transmitting from each mobile station a Request to Send announcement to the base station following expiration of the backoff time, transmitting from the base station to the mobile stations a Clear to Send announcement indicating that the first mobile station to have had its Request to Send announcement received in the base station can now transmit data, resubmitting the Request to Send announcements from the other mobile stations after a predetermined backoff time period has expired corresponding to a time period in which the first mobile station can transmit its data to the base station, and prioritizing any messages from the mobile stations by setting a higher probability that the base station will be in a receiving state rather than a transmitting state. The method according to claim 1 including the steps of transmitting Clear to Send announcements from the mobile stations to the base station indicating that mobile stations are clear to receive data from the base station, and transmitting the data from the base station to a respective mobile station based on the first Clear to Send announcement received within the base station. A half-duplex wireless communication system comprising a premises having a base station that services a defined communication cell, wherein the base station transmits and receives Request to Send and Clear to Send announcements to and from mobile stations to indicate that the base station can receive and send data, and a plurality of mobile stations that send and receive data after transmitting and receiving Clear to Send and Request to Send announcements to and from the base station based on the respective time period in which the base station has received the Clear to Send and Request to Send announcements from respective mobile stations, and means for prioritizing any messages from the mobile stations by setting a higher probability that a base station will be in a receiving state rather than a transmitting state. The system according to claim 3 wherein a Request to Send and Clear to Send announcement exchange must occur between the base station and mobile station before any data exchange can occur. The system according to claim 3 wherein the base station and a mobile station send and receive an acknowledgement message signalling the completion of data transfer. The main equipment that would be installed. Requirements Analysis Prior to any decision on strategy, the customers requirements for voice services must be clearly defined. Requirement operators will evaluate the current environment and practices, and then recommend strategic infrastructure decisions aligned with the customers business needs. For an IP Telephony infrastructure, this would include items such as: Call services Phone features Call conferencing services Messaging Toll bypass Directory services. IP Telephony System Installation Sequence: Once the infrastructure is ready to support IP Telephony, the actual deployment begins. The main steps are summarized below: Install IP Telephony Call Manager Publisher server. Configuration of IP Telephony system parameters, calling gateways, dial plan and phone clients. Install IP Telephony Call Manager Subscriber servers as needed. Install IP Telephony Voicemail Solution. Connect the IP Telephony system with minimal access to PSTN and tie line services. The features available with each system. Performance and security of the existing network to ensure that it is capable of supporting an IP Telephony infrastructure, and identify any areas where enhancements are necessary. In order to successfully deploy IP Telephony services, a minimum number of system features must be available in a customers network. For instance: Networks where IP Telephony is to be deployed should be structured on a 3-tier model: Core, Distribution and Access, to ensure an even flow of traffic. A poorly structured design can create unnecessary bottlenecks, impacting performance. User Access nodes must be switch based technology, to provide the bandwidth to the desktop that can best support voice and video. User Access nodes should support multiple virtual LANs (VLANs) within a single switch. This way, voice and data can be configured separately and efficiently, while sharing the same physical infrastructure. The switch must provide 802.1q trucking on user connections, also to allow voice and data traffic to be configured separately. The switch must be able to provide differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) on a user connection. If the switch does not support 802.1q trucking and differentiated QoS on each user connection, the IP Telephony system may still be deployed but a separate connection would be required for the phone and data equipment connections. Task: 4 The cost of equipment and installation. Cost of equipment and installation: The total cost and savings of an IP Telephony infrastructure should be identified and compared to the current costs. Company will examine the infrastructure costs and provide advice on how to invest to maximize the efficiency of the network. Items included in this analysis will include: Hardware Software Network / leased lines Support services. Value recovered from Cisco telephony trade in program ****** The cost of operating the system. Optimized operating cost structure Staff requirement for delivering voice services In-house solution VoIP-X solution Similar savings on server equipment, administration and support staff Estimated Retail Pricing The Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 licensing model consists of a Server operating system license and incremental Client Access Licenses (CALs) and is designed to allow for complete scalability of your cost in relation to your usage. In addition, Microsoft offers several flexible, cost-effective options for licensing. Note that there are a few CAL types available to suit your individual needs. This page provides guidance on the Windows Server 2003 R2 pricing and points you to our various licensing programs so you can find the most cost-effective solution for your organization. Product Offering U.S. Price* Description Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition $999 Available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Includes 5 CALs (User or Device, chosen after purchase) Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition $1,199 Available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Includes 10 CALs (User or Device, chosen after purchase) Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition $3,999 Available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Includes 25 CALs (User or Device, chosen after purchase) Windows Server 2003 R2 Datacenter Edition $2,999 Available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, 32-bit version $399 Open NL Web Server product, no CALs required. Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, is not available in all channels. Open NL estimated price is $399. Contact your local System Builder, OEM, or reseller for actual prices or for more information on how to purchase. Task: 5 Benefit: As technical barriers are eliminated and more organizations begin to adopt Internet protocol-based telephony (IPT), companies are finding that here are demonstrable, real-world total costs of ownership (TCO) advantages associated with implementing IPT solutions. Along with delivering the same or better quality and reliability as traditional systems, IPT solutions offer distinct benefits including lower costs, simplified management and greater flexibility to add applications like conferencing, centralized voice mail, and unified messaging, enabling branches to deliver premium service to customers. IPT is able to lower the costs and provide value-added communications applications to employees in branch and retail locations. Supported network topologies: â€Å"Topology† refers to the configuration of the hardware components and how the data is transmitted through that configuration. 802.15.4 and ZigBee support three different network topologies: star, mesh, and cluster tree (also called star-mesh hybrid). The cluster tree topology is less efficient than the other two, and is therefore rarely (if ever) implemented. It is not covered in this whitepaper. Before describing the star and mesh topologies, it helps to first understand the different types of devices these networks can include. LAN guard N.S.S. has the ability to scan your entire network, IP by IP, or to scan just a single machine upon which it is installed. Not only do you get a list of open ports and vulnerable services, but you also get useful information such as the service packs installed on the machine, missing security patches, wireless access points, USB devices, open shares, open ports, services/applications active on the computer, key registry entries, weak passwords, users and groups, and more. In addition, you can easily analyze scan results using filters and reports, enabling you to proactively secure your network — for example, by shutting down unnecessary ports, closing shares, installing service packs. Bibliography: Search Engines Name: www.google.com www.yahoo.com www.ads.com ****** Web Address Name: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Phone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_VoIP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_VoIP_software http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiated_services http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENUM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H323 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_services http://www.manufacturers.com.tw/telecom/WirelessSolution.html http://www.redcom.com/products/slice2100.php http://www.redcom.com/products/hdx_apps.php http://meraki.com/oursolution/mesh/ http://www.microsoft.com/technet/network/p2p/p2pintro.mspx EIAAC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pager http://www.siemon.com/us/white_papers/03-10-10 ip_enhanced_medical.asp http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/va/papers/appaper.html http://www.azgita.gov/councils_committees/tegc/submissions/10.pdf http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/cgi/content/full/100/2/506 ****** Books name: Book Name Writer Name Publication Name Computer Networks(4th edition) Andrew S. Tanenbaum Prantic-Hall India Enterprise Networking NCC Education Limited

Raymond Carvers Neighbors Essay -- Raymond Carver

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Neighbors† the speaker’s attention seems to be more directed on the Bill and Arlene Miller. The Millers are a married couple who were once a happy couple but as the years went along they felt grew apart. It seems as though they are too busy comparing their lives to the Harriet and Jim Stone, which are their neighbors, that they don’t have time to fix their marriage. The Stones do what married people should do and that’s â€Å"go out for dinner, or entertaining at home, or traveling about the country somewhere†¦(70).† The Millers are given the responsibility of looking after the Stones apartment for ten days, while they are on a pleasure trip. During these ten days they have to feed their Kitty, and water the plants. Because of this particular event the Millers, who se...

faulkner :: essays research papers

The Southern Social Themes of Barn Burning William Faulkner undoubtedly ranks one of the best and most influential writers both in America and in history. Among his various works of art, the most famous ones are those set in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County, which is molded out of his â€Å"native soil.† Despite their Southern setting, these works convey something universally true. As Faulkner often claims, he is just a story-teller, telling about man in conflict, about how he â€Å"endures and prevails.† Before he received due recognition, Faulkner wrote quite a few short stories which he expected would help him improve his economic condition, so that he could write novels at ease. Nevertheless, although he was motivated by economic interests, many of these short stories turned out very prominent. "Barn Burning" is one of Faulkner's most frequently anthologized, though its prose is a bit more ponderous than the garrulous first-person narration of "Emily." Set roughly 30 years after the Civil War, the story focuses on two members of the Snopes family: Ab Snopes, a poor sharecropper who takes out his frustrations against the post-Civil War aristocracy by burning barns, and his adolescent son, "Sarty," who dislikes his father's destructive tendencies and ultimately must choose between family and morality. This powerful coming-of-age story is notable for its conscientious prose styling, in which Faulkner mimics the inward turmoil and questions faced by his principal protagonist, as well as its carefully rendered settings of three historical milieus, each of which has important thematic concerns in the story: the sharecropper's cabin, the planter's mansion, and the town's general store. Faulkner incorporated the basic narrative of the story into his novel The Hamlet, though it is told in vastly different language and tone. Written as it was, at the ebb of the 1930s, a decade of social, economic, and cultural tumult, the decade of the Great Depression, William Faulkner's short story "Barn Burning" may be read and discussed by most of us as just that--a story of the '30s, for "Barn Burning" offers students insights into these years as they were lived by the nation and the South and captured by our artists. This story was first published in June of 1939 in Harper's Magazine and later awarded the 0. Henry Memorial Award for the best short story of the year. Whether read alone, as part of a thematic unit on the Depression era, or as an element of an interdisciplinary course of the Depression '30s, "Barn Burning" can be used to awaken students to the race, class, and economic turmoil of the decade.