Wednesday, September 2, 2020

A Dysfunctional Behavior Involving a Drunkard Parent

A Dysfunctional Behavior Involving a Drunkard Parent The accompanying social treatment plan has been intended to manage a broken conduct including a lush parent. The parent is a dad of three who is a constant alcoholic and this propensity is antagonistically influencing the funds of the family. He invests the majority of his free energy, particularly after work, at drinking joints.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on A Dysfunctional Behavior Involving a Drunkard Parent explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The propensity is likewise influencing the caring obligation and desires for the parent. Be that as it may, nobody among the relatives is happy to discuss the propensity which has seen family ties in this way undermined and crumble because of protective carelessness and recklessness. As a specialist, I would settle on molding and figuring out how to enable the dad to beat this conduct. The most prompt reaction to the conduct will be an uplifting feedback of traditional molding which alludes to a techn ique for realizing where the adapted reaction should start the event of an unconditioned reaction. An individual is thought to relate the event of one sign with the programmed reaction of a second sign that will consistently follow the first. In conduct treatment, old style molding is utilized to change the unconditioned boost by effectively subbing it with another ideal improvement so as to beat the useless propensity. At first, the individual would have a specific broken propensity that the person has consistently connected with a specific uncontrolled upgrade. The ideal unconditioned boost is bit by bit presented while diminishing the undesired one. For this situation, the molded upgrade will be a morning timer that goes on at precisely 4 pm implying the finish of working time. Accordingly, the dad relates the alert sign to extra time and each time the caution goes on, he realizes he is liberated from obligation and drives to his standard drinking joints. Thus, drinking is the un conditioned improvement that ought to be discarded, while the large errand is to distinguish another movement that will substitute visiting the drinking places. All the more along these lines, the dad must be prepared to consistently connect spare time with the recognized conduct. Through old style molding, he is acquainted with golf as a game and in this way as the unconditioned improvement. He is bit by bit prepared to relate the morning timer with golf. When it goes on, he is helped to remember a meeting with the green and in this manner leaves the workplace to proceed to play golf. It is normal that with time, he will begin to connect the alert with the game and in the process he will disregard drinking. When finished with old style molding, operant molding ought to follow. In operant or instrumental molding, an individual is left to pick on the correct activity against the broken conduct as indicated by its outcomes. An individual is made completely mindful of the conduct they are participating in, and the plausible results. It is then left upon them to willfully settle on a choice over the same.Advertising Looking for exposition on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Operant molding may prompt discipline or fortification. Discipline happens when the influenced individual takes up the new conduct less as often as possible while fortification happens when the influenced individual goes on with the new conduct more much of the time than previously. Molding might be supposed to be wiped out if the influenced individual shows no change following the presentation of another attribute. The instance of an alcoholic and untrustworthy dad requests that he is helped to remember the cultural desires. Exertion ought to likewise be made to cause him to understand the carelessness he has exposed the family to and the botch of family funds. The dad ought to likewise be informed on the current outcome s of his conduct just as what would come upon the family later on because of his drinking propensity and afterward captivating in golf as a game to help use extra time ought to be presented. This ought to be made to seem like the best choice contrasted with drinking. A couple of benefits of taking part in sports over drinking ought to persuade the dad. The dad ought to likewise be disclosed to that that playing golf won't just assist him with overseeing leisure time yet in addition gradually quit drinking. The dad is then left to settle on his own on the best move to make with playing golf having been put as the best other option. During this time, it is normal that he will assess the results of day by day drinking on the family and contrast the outcomes should he pick with invest his free energy accomplishing something different. Observational learning ought to intently follow operant molding. Here, the influenced individual is left to follow up on his conduct through watching othe rs. In conduct treatment, the advisor distinguishes different characters with remarkable character in the public arena who go about as good examples. Some may be the individuals who were once confronted with a comparative condition. The customer is then permitted to watch their way of life, character, character just as the summed up conduct of such people. He/she is well on the way to be enticed to gorilla certain positive characteristics from such models. Thus, through perception and replicating, the influenced individual may in the long run drop the awful quality trying to resemble the good example. By and by, observational learning doesn't call for support however learning through perception simply like little kids do over the span of their conduct improvement. Accordingly, the specialist may be qualified for recognizing the models and the entire assignment of perception is left to the client.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on A Dysfunctional Behavior Involving a Drunkard Parent explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Referring to the customer in this situation, I have to distinguish a couple of instances of individuals who were once flighty consumers who will fill in as models. I will likewise test out certain guardians with excellent family set ups that I will use to convince and urge my customer to distinctly see how such guardians oversee and raise their families. I will at that point permit my customer to continue watching the families as I asses his advancement. The customer is encouraged to just watch out for positive attributes that may assist him with stopping drinking and making an effort not to duplicate the entire social way of life of the model. Having appropriately experienced traditional molding and operant molding, I am persuaded the customer will in the long run select golf after work over drinking. He may in the long run quit drinking. All in all, social treatment significantly relies upon the client’s eagerness to drop a specific conduct just as the techniques utilized by the advisor. The three methodologies clarified above are anyway the best techniques used to support conduct change. When someone has an option for a specific conduct, he is offered time to contemplate on the results and settle on a choice. A similar individual is then urged to maintain a similar choice by watching the individuals who have exceeded expectations through a similar way. Thusly, one can effectively experience useless conduct treatment and accomplish social change.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

English language

II. In his 1946 exposition, Politics and Language, George Orwell tends to the stagnation and abuse of the cutting edge English language. Specifically, Orwell addresses however doesn't restrain his conversation to the utilization of language in the political range. Progressively, Orwell endeavors to illustrate, composed language has become pointlessly confounded and ordinarily torpid. In portraying specific offenses, for example, â€Å"dying metaphors,† â€Å"operators or verbal bogus limbs,† â€Å"pretentious diction,† and â€Å"meaningless words† Orwell shows how the significance of thoughts and the language itself is some of the time lost in the over-the-top exposition of the writer.Orwell requires a less complex go to language, which doesn’t try to fundamentally dispense with specific manners of expression or jargon but instead builds the accuracy of the words and to this degree the thoughts. Rather than losing their thoughts in tangled sentences that state close to nothing and mean even less, Orwell approaches scholars and legislators to communicate with lucidity and a commonality with the language they decide to utilize. III. Orwell tends to the abuse and abuse of language in political and general writing.He shows how composing or talking in a way that is looks for more to intrigue than express, present day composing expanding needs creative mind and soundness with the message every now and again being lost in the words as opposed to being communicated by them. 2. Orwell’s end isn't to dispose of the language that is abused however rather to teach the author in the abuse and to advance clearness recorded as a hard copy. 3. Orwell’s thinking behind the two his contention and his decision seem, by all accounts, to be an affection for language.While he reprimands abused allegories, he presents his very own few all through the content. He isn't requesting flawless composition but instead a thankfulness and a com prehension of language and the thoughts it is utilized to communicate. 4. N/A 5. N/A 6. Orwell presents a few paradoxes in his contention, boss among them being the speculation of the five models he presents toward the start of the exposition as characteristic of current composition. Additionally present is a flawed causal contention that associates the unscrupulousness of governmental issues and thoughts with this sort of writing.However, it’s imperative to take note of that while improves this issue as such, Orwell likewise addresses these paradoxes inside his contention. He clarifies that by sensationalizing the commonness of this kind of language, he is just endeavoring to more readily utilize language to plainly communicate his thoughts. 7. Orwell’s contention is to a great extent dependent on close to home perception. There is the particular inclination that while Orwell has support in this thought, particularly when he takes note of the famous aversion among col umnist for exhausted and deadened metaphors.However, Orwell’s own perceptions of the over-done nature of scholarly and political composition. 8. Contentions could be made against Orwell’s guarantees on language, especially in his assaults on artistic/workmanship analysis or political writing. Abstract and workmanship pundits originating from a specific way of thinking could make the contention that in tending to their points they should look for another dialect to communicate their particular translations. Government officials would make a contention against Orwell’s cases to their craftiness which they endeavor to cover with language an absence of goals or genuine stance.N/A 10. There is a lot of data discarded from Orwell’s contention, particularly the journalists who have not tumbled to manhandling and abusing language. Notwithstanding, similarly as with the false notions of his contention, Orwell is clear in taking note of that he isn't talking about everything except rather drawing consideration through a bunch of guides to a developing pattern. 11. By and large, Orwell presents a solid however in fact one-sided contention. That it is Orwell himself who admits to this inclination, outlines the nearness of his own standards of lucidity as magnificence in language as a reason for the essay.My esteem supposition permits that there is a significant premise of truth in Orwell’s contention and that the shared trait of the kinds of language he rails against are as common now as it was in 1946. 13. While the individual edge to Orwell’s contention could be viewed as a downside, I trust it rather features the exceptionally close to home nature of language and how it is intended to communicate as opposed to smother thoughts. In his exposition, Orwell is supporting for this articulation and a fortifying of language through appropriate use and clear understanding. 14. Orwell’s article stays as significant today as it wa s in 1946.He couldn't have anticipated and would probably be demoralized that in spite of his call to lingual arms that society and government officials keep on utilizing â€Å"dying metaphors,† â€Å"operators or verbal bogus limbs,† â€Å"pretentious diction,† and â€Å"meaningless words. † However, his exercises of clear, shortsightedly wonderful composition is varying to today as it was 60 years back. Legislators and normal individuals the same despite everything hole up behind exaggerated and misjudged language, neglecting to comprehend their own words and making numbness as the remainder of the world battle to comprehend also.

Essay examples --

What is an open decent? An open decent is something that is helpful for various individuals, including yourself can't forestall them getting the advantage from. Most things in financial matters are rare †state an individual is the just a single ready to appreciate the flavorful citrus taste of the container of Diet Coke with Citrus Zest in light of the fact that their utilization of it keeps others from drinking it too. An open decent is something that everybody gets the advantage from, similar to national safeguard. This makes the issue with the expectation of complimentary riders that get the advantage of open products without paying for them †for example, a vacationer who goes to the ocean side and tosses his container of Diet Coke with Citrus Zest on the ground, just to be gotten by some committee specialist who his assessments don't subsidize. Where the idea gets more questionable is in universal undertakings, which is the place we have the idea of a worldwide open great. Worldwide open merchandise are things finished by specific nations that advantage every other person regardless of whether they don't have anything to do with it. Since they are definitely given by the predominant force and individuals are properly dubious of cases of selflessness in international strategy, it is sheltered to state that a few people would state the idea doesn't exist. However it truly does. A regularly refered to case of a worldwide open great was the way that the United Kingdom kept the seaways open during the time of the Empire, which permitted exchanging to proceed between all nations unhindered. Obviously, the British didn't do this since they are happy acceptable games. Individuals ought not excuse the faith in one's charitableness as an inspiring component in international strategy; obviously such convictions are feeble against material interests which direct in actuality. By keeping the se... ...we will see the finish of uni-extremity and another time of bi-or tri-extremity as Russia reasserts itself and China develops in power. A world request worked by the Chinese and Americans together will be very extraordinary to one simply made by the Americans, since it was the US who made all these multilateral foundations - worldwide open merchandise - that the Americans are accused for episodes, for example, the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization. In spite of its flaws and abundances, America has strengthened the worldwide arrangement of exchange, sway and security throughout recent years - these things didn't simply occur unintentionally. It has given numerous advantages to free riders the everywhere throughout the world. History will pass judgment if the United States, for the most part, accomplished more awful than great. Nonetheless, there's no natural assurance the elective will be any better.

Friday, August 21, 2020

ICT‐Enabled and Process‐Based Change An Integrative Roadmap

Question: Distinguish the vital components that are strongly affecting the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technology)? Answer: The article by Margherita and Petti (2010) distinguishes the fundamental factors that are strongly affecting the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). As indicated by the creators, the associations utilize the ICT for settling on compelling choices and furthermore survey data. The creators utilize the writing to distinguish the key issues in overhauling or receiving process in the association and furthermore the goal of clarifying the systematization structure. Margherita and Petti likewise attempts to recognize the apparatuses and strategies that can be utilized by the experts and understudies. As indicated by the assessment of Margherita and Petti, the change must be presented dependent fair and square of empowering influences, procedure, individuals and technique. The fundamental rationale behind this composing is that the blend of different structures gives a particular guide which can be valuable for the association so as to help innovation, procedure and huma n elements of progress in the association (Banerjee, 2015). Through this exploration, the creators attempt to distinguish the coordinated plan level that are vital for overhauling and receiving different ICT process and furthermore recognize way that can be utilized to operationalize the part of selection of ICT in a solitary system for supporting change (Chrusciel and Field, 2006). The proposed structure or the guide bolsters that the selection of ICT and furthermore overhauling of the procedure is commonly influenced by different components of various levels; individuals, empowering agents, procedure and methodology. The structure effectively addresses the basic angles which talk about the concentration and goals, process level or the association level and furthermore the empowering influences and model of progress (Hayes, 2008). The guide inserts the meaning of activity and key arrangement, breaks down the demeanor of the individual and furthermore availability of the association, and distinguishes the effect of assessment and furthermore the hierarchical and specially appointed mechanical empowering agents. So as to recognize the issues, the creators have utilized the writing that the optional information to distinguish the key issues for building up the methodology and the model that is introduced. The confinement of utilizing such research strategy is that numerous records that have been utilized by the creators may not initially be proposed to the reason for the exploration (Jesson, Matheson and Lacey, 2011). These reports may incorporate just those occasions that the writers look is certain for composing. Further, the exploration just spotlights on the period of pre-execution of progress. This infers the thoughts that have been produced by the creators are not approved appropriately. The creators needed utilizing quantitative information therefore ailing in making a practical report. Be that as it may, the creators could have defeated these constraints by assessing the subjective information and furthermore the executives sponsorship. This article is advantageous in understanding the outer powers that can ought to be embraced in the process before receiving or actualize ICT. Further, it likewise assists with breaking down the correspondence stream inside and outside the association and furthermore include an incentive by featuring the casual information stream. From this article, one can build up an efficient system for characterizing and gathering the measurements of the procedure. References Banerjee, A. (2015). Data innovation empowered procedure re-building for flexibly chain leagility. IJITM, 14(1), p.60. Chrusciel, D. furthermore, Field, D. (2006). Achievement factors in managing noteworthy change in an association. Business Process Mgmt Journal, 12(4), pp.503-516. Hayes, N. (2008). Standardizing change in a high-innovation optronics organization: The job of data and correspondence advances. Human Relations, 61(2), pp.243-269. Jesson, J., Matheson, L. what's more, Lacey, F. (2011). Doing your writing survey. Los Angeles, Calif. ; London: SAGE. Margherita, A. what's more, Petti, C. (2010). ICT enabled and processã‚⠐based change: an integrative guide. Business Process Mgmt Journal, 16(3), pp.473-491.

Causes of Rwandas Involvement in the DRC

Reasons for Rwandas Involvement in the DRC What exactly degree has Rwandas involvementâ in the DRC been of economicallyâ rather than militarily inspired? Conceptual Struggle! That word speaks to the historical backdrop of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as far as their inner battles with respect to who will control the predeterminations of these nations. The adventure has enveloped more than forty years, and as neighbors, has influenced and affected the two nations contrarily. Africa is known for its high level of interior force battles that have left its masses in destitution because of its pioneers looking for political control at practically any expense. This condition has not gotten away either Rwanda or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This investigation will look to comprehend the elements of the national association among Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as far as the degree that Rwanda’s inclusion has been monetarily or militarily arranged. The previous speaks to the chance to look at the relationship of these two neighboring nations to reveal the degree just as nature of the elements that have and are molding their collaboration. Presentation The motivation behind this assessment has wide and broad ramifications, in that it tries to look ate the very center of the relationship of these two African country states. All things considered, the goals will involve: The plan of a comprehension of the verifiable subtleties and clear communication between these two nations. Investigating the military just as monetary contribution. Diving into the political and provincial conditions that have had and additionally are having a heading on the prior. Comparing the degree that military or monetary contribution has been as well as is an issue The idea of this request requires an assessment of two different zones, financial aspects and military exercises, just as how these might or potentially have dovetailed into one another, as the lines of partition are not in every case clear. Foundation Key to understanding the idea of the inquiry that pose to the degree that Rwanda’s contribution with the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been financially instead of militarily roused, a short comprehension of the chronicles of these two nations will give a fundamental supporting to reveal the course of their relationship and national associations. Rwanda is situated in the east-focal district of Africa, circumscribed by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in a zone that estimates 26,338 square kilometres[1]. Figure 1 †Map of Rwanda[2] Orginally possessed by a Pygmy clan called the Twa, the agriculuturally established Hutus suplanted them somewhere in the range of six centuries ago[3]. So as to plant crops the Hutus cleared woods and set up changeless settlements[4]. The Twa still remian in Rwanda, in spite of the fact that their populace is assessed to number around 1 percent of the general total[5]. Similar to the case with Africa in that period, different clans relocated to the area, whose greenery and prairies drew the cows possessing Tutsi[6]. Aslo known as Watutsi, they went to the area of Rwanda around the 1600s and were comprised as more tip top than the Hutus despite the fact that the two gatherings talk the equivalent language[7]. Some portion of the explanation with regards to why the Tutsi (Watutsi) were viewed as tip top is that they are very tall, averaging 2.1 meters in tallness, and of slim build[8]. The privileged leanings of the Tutsi, they held the laborer Hutu in fuedal subjugation[9]. The conclusions on the contrasts between the way of life of the Hutu and Tutis is minimal, comprising primarly of the horticultural versus cows inclinations of the previously mentioned. Significant intermarriage between the two gatherings further watered down contrasts, with the couple expecting the race of the dads, and the distinction as far as clan developed along the lines of a rank framework whereby the Tutsi are considered the higher class[10]. Preceding the appearance of the Germans, the organization framework that existed in Rwanda was exceptionally sorted out and managed by what is named as an Umwami (lord) that was for the most part of the Nyiginya family of a Tutsi sub-group[11]. In the managerial hierarchy the Umwami had practically total force, and was helped bt three chiefs[12]: A military boss that directed the military and saw to the support of uprightness of the region and development. A cows boss that regulated all issues speaking to steers, nibbling just as the settlement of debates, and A land boss that directed horticulture, produce and associated concerns. The previous is with regards to the social make up of the domain that was included dairy cattle and farming clans, alongside their insurance and making sure about extra grounds. Inside the previously mentioned hierarchy the Umwami and the military and cows boss were Tutsi, with the rural boss by and large being Hutu[13]. The Rwandan culture speaks to a framework that is named as ubuhake, that is a sort of rank arrangement of the landed upper class, the less landed, and the customary citizens[14]. There are the individuals who contend that as a general rule that the monetary arrangement of Ubuhake empowers a symbitic connection between the rich and priveged calsses with the less priviliged[15]. The former framework and class relationsips appreciated a multi year history of tranquility. The German’s colonized Rwanda in 1899, administering the nation by implication through the Mwami and the three chieftans by means of a protecorate plan because of the adequacy of the Rwandan Ubuhabe system[16]. During the principal World War the nation got known as Ruanda-Urundi, which spoke to a blend of Rwanda and Burundi under a Belgian League of Nations mandate[17]. The previous built up a trust an area under the United Nations that went on until 1946[18]. During that period the Belgium organization from the start kept up Tutsi strength in the Ubuhabe legislative framework administered by the Mwani and the three chieftans[19]. The first was gradually changed to a force sharing course of action between the Tutsi and Hutu after ethnic pressures swelled into a common war that drove countless Tutsi out the country[20]. The first of July 1962 saw the commanded nation of Ruanda-Urundi seperated once more into Rwanda and Burundi, with the more numberous Hutu’s administerin g the nation. With a greater part of the populace spoke to by Hutu (85%), to only 15% for the Tutsi, the change in political structure in 1962 was inevitable[21]. Note that the contention between the Hutu and Tutsi started as right on time as the 1950s when Tutsi powers assaulted the Hutu legislator Dominique Mbonyumutwa, setting off what is called â€Å"†¦ the breeze of decimation †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as the Hutu assaulted the Tutsi population[22]. In 1959 the Hutus toppled the Tutsi ruler, which likewise added to the preceding[23]. Around 150,000 Tutsi that flew the nation because of Hutu control setting up guerrila goups in neighboring nations, noteably Uganda[24]. Over the following years, the offspring of the outcasts framed the Rwandan Patriotic Front, that began a common war in 1990[25]. The first chronicled foundation is significant in understanding the chain of occasions that unfolded in Rwanda, carrying it to introduce day. That history, present day coming from the 1990s, contains the fore sprinter just as outcome of occasions that speak to the motivation behind this examination, that will be explored in an audit of writing to dig into foundation features. As Rwanda speaks to the focal nation in this examination, the Democratic Republic of the Congo will be investigated later. The focal point of this assessment is to investigate the degree that the association of Rwanda with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been movitivated more by financial matters than military reasons. System The examination as proposed by this investigation is an inquiry that involves looking profoundly into the status and repercussions of the relations of these two nations on various levels. As it is likely that there is no writing or other research data accessible that likens this inquiry straightforwardly, the way to deal with this investigation should take on changed headings and research ways to deal with reveal data relevant to the assessment. The previous being the general by and large case, the exploration system will obviously incorporate a wide inhale of auxiliary research sources to make sure about authentic just as contemporary data. Given that this examination involves two sovereign nations, the history between these two countries speaks to the legitimate beginning stage, as the course of events of combination concerning the Rwanda and the Congo in this manner speaks to the beginning stage in looking at the idea of their relations. The previous speaks to a key to this investigation as the response to the inquiry as presented by this assessment exists some place inside the prior. Auxiliary research gives the chance to survey the biggest and broadest measure of data conceivable as it involves books, diaries, magazine articles, papers and Internet sources[26]. The prior manages the chance to take a gander at many varying features, as the extent of financial and military association can take on numerous structures, particularly with regards to the unstructured locale of Africa that has a long history of intra country clashes and different debates. Optional research speaks to a method that is utilized widely as it gives an expansive domain of enlightening prospects and contributions just as conclusions that may contain and additionally give knowledge as well as data that guides in the assessment. The deficiency of the way toward using auxiliary research is that the chance exists that one may be dependent upon the conceivable predisposition of the creator whose work was led to dig into, demonstrate, comprehend or come to a meaningful conclusion. In any case, auxiliary resear

Saturday, June 27, 2020

Marketing and E-commerce Essay - 1650 Words

Marketing and E-commerce (Essay Sample) Content: Question 1The case study involves answering questions on how digital process solved the requirement of making Beijing Olympics a success, by eliminating all problems. The organizers of the Beijing Olympics had to meet certain requirements for the event to be a success as a digital event. The first requirement the organizers were to meet is, recording performance of all participants and determining the winners in each event. The winners had to be determined instantly basing on milliseconds, and this information spread around the world. This requirement was met by installation of photo-finish cameras and computers, which enabled identifying actual winners even if the difference was milliseconds (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 88). There were a lot of people coming to the event of which around 300,000 people coming from different parts of the world, 200 workers and athletes, also there were about 120 million domestic travelers to attend the event. These people included athle tes, journalists, coaches and event officials. These people used different languages and different food habits depending on their countries of origin. Providing food, transport and accommodation was a hard task to the event organizers. Therefore, the organizers used Radio Frequency Identification tags (RFID). This was to ensure safety to all visitors and ensuring that quality food was provided. They also ensured monitoring of all transportation systems to ensure safety (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 88). Another requirement was to check all the tickets to ensure they were real. This is because, they were sent to many countries prior to the event. The organizers used RFID tags, which were specially designed to ensure the tickets, were not fake. The organizers also introduced an online purchase of tickets where 12 million tickets were sold. They were sold by Beijing Gehua Ticketmaster, which ensured limited or no fake tickets (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89). In 2004 Olympics, there were Web-delivered services, but were not so many. This number was highly increased in 2008 Beijing. This was to cater for increased video viewing population around the world. The international Olympics committee also introduced a channel on digital media in YouTube, where people were able to watch the Olympics videos. The committee authorized the digital media, in 77 different countries. The videos could also be available on television, and display boards and they could also be downloaded through various Softwares such as Adobe Flash and Silverlight (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89). The other requirement was security, privacy monitoring and protection. The organizers had to utilize high quality video cameras to broadcast all the events around the world. This also had to be done to identify security threats during the event. They also ensured that all the security reports were intelligently interpreted (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89). There was the need to control Beijing traffic and poll ution that result from traffic problems. The organizers ensured there were officers charged with the duty of managing the traffic during this event. This would efficiently reduce the number of vehicles in the streets, thus reducing pollution caused by traffic. The society could also be urged to use public means, bicycles and trains which are time efficient and safe to take them into the stadia. This will reduce the number of vehicles in the streets and also increase the size of the parking area (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89). There was a need to manage the social networks such as the blog and twitter. The organizers were urged to blog and disseminate information about the event. There was Americas cheer where the athletes could blog and let out their feelings. The organizers ensured that they controlled website coverage such as twitter and Facebook, which could disseminate information to the rest of the world (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 88).Question 2There are B2C activities that a re described in this case. These are activities where business community, sell or engage in business with individual shoppers. An example of B2C activity is where the Olympic souvenirs were sold in different shops. This would work towards the publicity of Beijing Olympics and the individual shops as well as increased profits to the shopkeepers. Another example is food provision to all the visitors because all tastes and preferences had to be considered. The organizers ensured that foods from countries are provided such as Italian pizza, Chinese food and any other food from other countries. Another B2C activity was online purchasing tickets through Beijing Genhua Ticketmaster (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89). B2B activities are E-commerce models where those who take part are either businesses or any other economic organizations. An example of B2B, in this case, is where the International Olympic Committee introduced a YouTube channel to transmit the events as they happen in the stadiu m in 77 different countries. Another activity was a social network developed at Olympic-network.net. This helped IT companies such as Microsoft, Cisco networks and Limelight networks market themselves (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89) . Question 3One of the chief business models identified in this case is online direct marketing where products and services are sold, and marketed by use of the internet. Through this model, people pay for the services and products using their credit cards from wherever they are. For example, in this case tickets were sold and marketed online, meaning people did not need to travel to Beijing to purchase their tickets prior to the event. People could also buy souvenirs online so as to keep them to remind them of the Beijing 2008 Olympics. This is an effective way of doing business online for products, which can be delivered online (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89). Another business model is viral marketing where organizations aim at increasing their bran d awareness and companys reputation by asking people to join certain programs, for example, athletes were encouraged to join blog posts on the internet. This would help increase the event popularity as many people join the blog and ask others to join. Also through Olympic network TV the Beijing event increased popularity because of the increase in the number of people watching the event (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 89).Question 4 Social networks are extremely vital in any process that requires dissemination of information to a lot of people living at different places. Social networks can be defined as a mode of communication through building cycles in the community using the internet. This mode of communication allows people to share their thoughts, and their views with other people, who are, in the social network (Turban, King and Lang, pp. 90) . These people come together as a family and they share their opinions. Giving an example from this case is where Americas Cheer was introdu ced and the athletes were urged to blog and communicate with their fans. This helped the general public know athletes and their coaches well. There was also use of Twitter to connect people and spread information around th...

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Essay about Dukan Diet

Essay about Dukan Diet The French nutritionist and dietician, Pierre Dukan, designed a diet plan, which involved the intake of proteins and has been named as the â€Å"Dukan Diet†. This diet plan suggests that when man was living in the hunting and gathering society they were healthier because of their eating habits; consequently, Dukan introduced this specific diet plan. The nutritionist has specified 100 food items consisting of 72 items that are sourced from animals and 28 are made from plants. The individual who attempts to follow this diet routine may consume as much as he/she wants of these 100 items. There are four phases that an individual would undergo as part of this diet plan. The first phase is the attack phase. The second phase is the cruise phase, and the third and fourth phases are the consolidation and stabilization phase respectively. (Makris Foster, 2011) According to Schenker (2012), a survey was conducted and took interview conception about the effectiveness of the Dukan diet. The survey basically examined the diet on a basis of 7 categories including; short term weight loss, long term weight loss, ease in following, nutritional value, safety, diabetes, and heart health. According to experts, this diet plan was potent for a short term weight loss strategy; however, they have been critical of this diet plan because it severely lacked in nutritional value. The first phase or the attack phase attempts to reduce up to 2 to 3 kilograms within 2 to 10 days. However, this weight loss may be contiguous in the first few weeks this would slow down gradually and reduce to 2 to 4 pounds a week. In the long term, dieticians believe that the Dukan diet is next to ineffective. The restrictions placed upon the individual by the diet plan are hard to follow; therefore, people are unable to reap benefits in the form of weight loss through this diet plan in the long-run. Consequently, experts have rated this diet as the second most difficult diet to follow and sustain. Thus, people are unable to adhere to the several restrictions the diet places upon an individual. (Pagoto Appelhans, 2013) Even though the Dukan diet claims to subdue diabetes, there are no indications that would support this claim. Henceforth, proficient doctors suggest that due to a lack of research and evidence no doctor or nutritionist can claim to improve diabetic health through the use of this diet plan. According to experts, the Dukan diet has the minimal ability to prevent or cure cardiovascular diseases. A balance of nutrients combined with exercise is the ideal way to consume a healthy meal. A strict adherence to a non-carbohydrate and high protein diet may actually be the fundamental reason of many illnesses. One of the very first signs of consuming only proteins is the lack of energy a person may experience that may also cause him/her to feel sleepy most of the times. Even though, carbohydrates may be reduced by the dieter but some proportion of carbohydrates are essential for a healthy body. (Hansel et al, 2011) There are no cited proofs of the Dukan diet contributing towards a healthy heart or reduction in diabetes. Even though, weight loss may be achievable as a result of following this diet plan strictly, but any slight digression from the plan may negate the positive effects. Complete reliance on proteins may bring about other negative side effects that may only be visible in the future. Doctors and nutritionists emphasize the need for a balanced diet and the proportion of every meal as these factors play a greater role in weight loss. However, none of this may be accomplishable through diet alone, but exercise must be done regularly. References Hansel, B. B., Giral, P. P., Coppola-Xaille, A. A., Monfort, G. G., Regnault, M. M., Bruckert, E. E. (2011). Lenquete Internet nationale [much less than] Dukan, et apres ? [much greater than] : premiers resultats.  Obesite, (3), 146 Makris, A., Foster, G. D. (2011). Dietary Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity.  Psychiatric Clinics Of North America,  34(Obesity and Associated Eating Disorders: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals), 813-827. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.004 Pagoto, S. L., Appelhans, B. M. (2013). A Call for an End to the Diet Debates.  JAMA: Journal Of The American Medical Association,310(7), 687. Schenker, S. S. (2012). An overview of the role of rice in the UK diet.  Nutrition Bulletin,  37(4), 309-323. doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2012.02002.x

Monday, May 18, 2020

The Decline Of The Imperial Collapse Of Rome And Greece

Unlike that of China, the decline of Rome was much more upsetting having a much larger impact on the surrounding world. The Decline and fall of the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations was a result of population decrease, weak government, a frail economy, and invasion. The causes of the imperial collapse in Rome and Greece(The Mediterranean region)with the causes of imperial collapse in the East Asia during the period 600 BCE toward 600 CE has had an remarkable achievements but those same achievements have caused them into decline. A combination of these causes sparked the slow decline of these once great empires.. . The powerful, spoilt, wealthy Roman Emperors inevitably became corrupt and many lived a debauched, deluded and immoral lifestyle. Massive consumption of alcohol. The emperor had power over life and death. Brothels and forced prostitution flourished. The sadistic cruelty towards both man and beasts in the arena. Emperors such as Tiberius kept groups of young boys for his pleasure, incest by Nero who also had a male slave castrated so he could take him as his wife, Elagabalus who forced a Vestal Virgin through marriage, Commodus with his harems of concubines enraged Romans by sitting in the theatre or at the games dressed in a woman s garments. Religious festivals such as Saturnalia and Bacchanalia where sacrifices, ribald songs, lewd acts and sexual promiscuity were practised. Immoral and promiscuous sexual behaviour including adultery and orgies. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Fall of the Roman Empire: Study Guide1082 Words   |  5 Pagesdrastic drop in the value of money coupled with a r ise of prices †¢ Soil in Italy and western Europe became overworked and unfertile, and years of war destroyed much farmland as well- this caused food shortage and disease which caused a population decline †¢ Soldiers became less disciplined and loyal; they only gave loyalty to their generals- generals eventually have a power struggle to try to claim power †¢ Government recruits mercenaries, foreign soldiers who fought for money to defend threats. TheseRead MoreThe Failure of Rome’s Economy and the Fall of the Roman Empire995 Words   |  4 Pages The failure of Rome’s economy contributed majorly to the fall of Rome. The Roman Economy during the late Republic and Early Empire was based heavily on Agriculture and Commerce. Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life. Cicero had considered agriculture to be the best of all Roman Occupations (Sarudy). There had been a lot of trading between the provinces of the empire, and all regions of the empire were largely economicallyRead MorePeriod 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 Bce - 600 Ce)1199 Words   |  5 Pagesteachings and divinity of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded by his disciples, drew on Judaism, and initially rejected Roman and Hellenistic influences. Despite initial Roman imperial hostility, Christianity spread through the efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of afro-Eurasia, and eventually gained Roman imperial support by the time of Emperor Constantine. E. The core ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy and science emphasized logic, empirical observation, and the nature of politicalRead MoreRoman Empire1559 Words   |  7 PagesGreek and Roman financiers: from the 4th century BC Banking activities in Greece are more varied and sophisticated than in any previous society. Private entrepreneurs, as well as temples and public bodies, now undertake financial transactions. They take deposits, make loans, change money from one currency to another and test coins for weight and purity. They even engage in book transactions. Moneylenders can be found who will accept payment in one Greek city and arrange for credit in anotherRead MoreSignificance Of The Hellenistic Period During The Classical Age1844 Words   |  8 Pagesculture beyond Greece and into the surrounding territories distant regions from Greece to India were integrated into these empires ideas such as beliefs were able to spread much farther distances trade was facilitated throughout these regions - commercial organization 22. How are the political structures of Greece and Rome similar and different? Similarities: Somesort of procedure to remove a government official Only men were allowed to participate Differences: Rome was a republic Greece was dependingRead MoreEvents that Took Place in The Fall of the Roman Empire Essay examples3292 Words   |  14 Pagesthat contributed to this decline and fall was the Antonine plague, which started around 160 during Marcus Aurelius’s reign (Sabbatani). The Antonine plague was followed by the Plague of Cyprian, which lasted twice as long as its predecessor, decimated the population, killing between twenty to thirty percent of the entire Empire (Smith). This brought an end to the prosperity of the previous period, and began the downward spiral of the Empire. Therefore, the population decline in the Roman Empire dueRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words   |  18 Pagesof Warring States? * Legalism 13. Qin Shihuangdi’s most important contribute to China was * Establishing a precedent for centralized imperial rule 14. The Han philosophy of rule was * A contribution of Qin policies of centralizations 15. In 124 B.C.E., Han Wudi transformed China by * Establishing an imperial university 16. Which popular treatise emphasized humility, obedience, subservience, and devotion to their husbands as the virtues most appropriateRead MoreWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 PagesAll empires were brought together by conquest and funded in part by extracting wealth from conquered peoples. †¢ All empires stimulated the exchange of ideas, cultures, and values among the peoples they conquered. †¢ All empires sought to foster an imperial identity that transcended more local identities and loyalties. †¢ All empires ultimately collapsed. 2. In what ways did these empires differ from one another? What accounts for those differences? †¢ Some empires sought to rule through local elites;Read MoreRoman Republic6360 Words   |  26 PagesRome: Transition from Republic to Empire Paul A. Bishop Introduction________________________________________________ Since its collapse, historians have attempted to explain the struggle for power and control over both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire that followed. To explain the complexities of the Roman Republic, the Empire, and their political complexities can be a daunting task. For nearly ten centuries Rome would rule most of the known world before the fall of the Western Empire (Byzantine)Read MoreRoman Republic6375 Words   |  26 PagesRome: Transition from Republic to Empire Paul A. Bishop Introduction________________________________________________ Since its collapse, historians have attempted to explain the struggle for power and control over both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire that followed. To explain the complexities of the Roman Republic, the Empire, and their political complexities can be a daunting task. For nearly ten centuries Rome would rule most of the known world before the fall of the Western Empire

Saturday, May 16, 2020

The Soul of Black Folks by W.E.B. Du Bois Essay - 1906 Words

Abstract from Essay The reader can contemplate the passage of Du Bois essay to substitute the words colored and Negro with African-America, Nigger, illegal alien, Mexican, inner-city dwellers, and other meanings that articulate people that are not listed as a majority. Du Bois essay is considered a classic because its words can easily reflect to the modern day. ----------------------------------------- The Souls of Black Folk broadens the minds of the readers, and gives the reader a deeper understanding into the lives of people of African heritage. W.E.B. Du Bois articulates the true meaning of the problem of the color-line through his vast knowledge of American history and descriptive personal scenarios. Du Bois†¦show more content†¦W.E.B. Du Bois is considered one of the top five people of the twentieth century. He is an intellectual, who is admired by both his supporters and adversaries. Du Bois, in his essay, tells his audience that he is not only a genius among blacks, but he is also a revered scholar of humankind. He is well educated among prestigious universities such as Fisk, Harvard, and Heidelberg, and is the first African American to earn a Ph.D. degree from Harvard University. Mr. Du Bois is not a meager intellectual, whose intelligence is measured by the capacity of his knowledge, but he also uses his knowledge to fight for the equality of his people. Am ong the different identities of Du Bois, he is also the founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). As a reader, one interprets that Du Bois essay is an authentic narration of the life of African Americans. Du Bois uses context from his point of view as a free man; therefore, his words are less biased than his counterparts. He allows the readers to freely establish their own perspective on the problem of the color people by giving them the chance to see the lives of African Americans before the Civil War through Reconstruction. Du Bois also uses historical references, case studies, and personal storytelling examples to define the problem of the people of African heritage in the United States. The first chapters of The Souls of Black Folk contain historically relevant material,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Edward Burgardt : African American Leading Sociologist, Writer, And Activist Essay713 Words   |  3 Pagespublication of such works as Souls Black Folk that was created in 1903 (Staff, 2009). Furthermore, he was one of the founders for the NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, who also had their own magazine, and Dubious helped with the editing of the magazine (Staff, 2009). William was a teacher at various universities, such as: Wilberforce University, and Atlanta University as well as, a chair for the Peace information Center (Staff, 2009). Du Bois and Washington has quiteRead MoreEssay about W.e.b Du Bois1004 Words   |  5 Pages W.E.B Du Bois nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;One ever feels his two-ness. An American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two warring ideals in one dark body whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.quot; This was how William E. B. Du Bois described how it felt to be a Negro in the beginning of the twentieth century in his book The Souls of Black Folk. W.E.B. Du Bois, was a black editor, historian, sociologist, and a leader of the civil rights movement in the United StatesRead MoreW.E.B. Dubois: His Vision For Freedom Essay882 Words   |  4 Pageswas W.E.B Du Bois. Few have influenced the lives of African Americans in such a way as W.E.B Du Bois. The vision he had for African Americans was one that many found great hope in. He sought for the day that his race for finally have civil equality in every aspect of life. In the time of Du Bois, African Americans may have been considered free but still lacked many civil liberties, that the whites were easily granted. One of the biggest civil liberties they lacked was voting rights. To Du BoisRead MoreB. Du Bois928 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen nothing but a nigger.† -W.E.B Dubois On February 23, 1868 in a small town of Great Barrington, Massachusetts one of the greatest leaders in African American history was born. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, better known as W.E.B. Du Bois is one of the greatest scholar, writer, editor, and civil rights activist. Many civil rights leaders and other important black leaders and role models see W.E.B Du Bois as the father of the Civil Rights Movement. W.E.B Du Bois paved the way for many AfricanRead MoreB. Du Bois Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesW.E.B. Du Bois was a major force in twentieth-century society, whose aim in life was to help define African-American social and political causes in the United States. History writes that W.E.B. Du Bois was a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and Pan-Africanist. However, white people who feared him labeled him a trouble maker and some black people saw him as an outcast. No matter what Du Bois’s critics thought about him, Du Bois was the voice of African-American fight for equality. AsRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk And Three Negro Classics1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Souls of Black Folk and Three Negro Classics are stories of the new class of taught African Americans that perform duties. Du Bois said â€Å"I taught school in the hills of Tennessee where the broad dark vale of the Mississippi begins to roll and crumple to greet the Alleghenies† (253). That they found themselves able to ace this world but hold relationship for the untaught masses gave an illustration to other instructed African Americans of how to handle the issue of the covering that separatedRead MoreBlack Folk Analysis On The Double Consciousness Theory Essay908 Words   |  4 Pages Re-examining W.E.B Du Bois’ Souls of Black Folk analysis on the double consciousness theory INTRODUCTION: In 1903 the brilliant historican and sociologist W.E.B Du Bois’ introduced his theory known as the Double-Conciousness in Souls of Black Folk Bois provides his readers with insight on the treatment of people of color, and supports this notion by giving personal examples of his experiences. He writes with the hope that many will understand the diffculty of having to be obtain two personalitiesRead MoreCritical Evaluation Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pages Katherine Oneil 22 July 2012 CRITICAL EVALUATION ESSAY Introduction In W.E.B. Du Bois’ â€Å"Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others,† Du Bois criticized Washington’s policy of racial accommodation and gradualism. Du Bois rejected the latter’s willingness to avoid messing with the racial issues and pushed for his views on political power, the continuance of the civil rights fight, and higher educationRead MoreBooker T.Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, Blacks have been abused and oppressed into a state less than human. In an article written by W.E.B. Du Bois he said, â€Å"The sincere and passionate belief that somewhere between men and cattle God created a tertium quid, and called it a negro† (Du Bois). In the late 19th and 20th centuries a strong push for economic and social progress for African-Americans was being made. The prominent leaders of this movement amongst the Black community were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, howeverRead MoreWeb Du Bois and Double Consciou sness Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesW.E.B. Du Bois: Double-Consciousness Ashanti Johnson SOC101 Lestine Shedrick October 18, 2011 W.E.B. Du Bois (1968-1963) was a huge contributor to sociology through the eyes and experience of an African-American scholar (Vissing, 2011). Du Bois was an author, activist and student of Black sociology. In his 1897 article, Strivings of the Negro People†, Du Bois introduced the term â€Å"double-consciousness†, a concept I believe to be just as relevant in today’s African-American communities

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Did The Reformation Had Been Stopped Why Or Why Not

Could the Reformation had been stopped? Why or Why not? At the turn of the fifteenth century practices of Christianity came under much scrutiny which caused a demand in reformation. Fueled by changing monarchies, intellectual expansion, new technologies in printing, and a challenge to Christendom as a whole, the Reformation was inevitable and could not be stopped. These ideals of reformation stemmed from the same humanistic ideals of the Renaissance that humans should strive for self-improvement and education, resulting in the reformation of Christianity. Equally through the desire to seek improvement, arose Christian humanist’s who wanted all people across the world to gain accessibility to the word of God and the ability to read it. Consequently Christian humanist’s such as Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas Moore, and Martin Luther brought about controversial ideas that challenged the long dominant reign of the Catholic Church which sparked the beginning of religious re formation across Europe. During the Middle Ages Christianity hit a peak of power and demonstrated complete dominance across Europe by completely influencing harsh penalties on non-Christians. These practices were extremely distasteful and angered Catholic followers which sparked the challenge of Papal powers during the Renaissance period. With the development of humanism during the Renaissance came a new idea of change known as known as the â€Å"Northern Renaissance humanism† which demanded amendments toShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1326 Words   |  6 Pageschurch had all the power. Thus the Religious Reformation period was the most important time because new religions were formed and the RCC had all the power. Indeed supporters of the Reformation Religions believe that this time had the biggest impact because during this time new religions were created and millions changed faith. In his text â€Å"Martin Luther† the author argues that â€Å"Martin Luther as a Christian theologist and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation†. MartinRead More2. Why did Japan lose the war? Japan lost the war due to obvious reasons. Firstly, they lacked the1000 Words   |  4 Pages2. Why did Japan lose the war? Japan lost the war due to obvious reasons. Firstly, they lacked the military expertise to collide head on with a tactful power like the United States. The spaceships that Japan destroyed at Pearl Harbor were remade without any problem by the Americans, who had immense man power and military efficiency. The Americans were much experienced in war than Japan and also had an added advantage. This was that Japan was practically dependent on America for the essentials whichRead MoreMasturbation And Sexual Pleasure During The 19th Century870 Words   |  4 PagesApril Haynes lectured and wrote about masturbation and sexual pleasure in the 19th century. She covered the history behind the women-led reformation of sexual pleasure and desire in women, and spoke about the anti-masturbation movement, which was surprisingly lead by women in the same era. I found these talks to be very interesting in that they covered a discrepancy between the wonder of sex, and the female reintroduction to knowle dge about their body, and anti-masturbation, which was an ideologyRead MoreReformation Paper : Salem Witch Trials1368 Words   |  6 PagesReformation Paper: Salem Witch Trials The reformation housed many impressive inventions such as the creation of gunpowder and the printing press along with many divisions like wars and radical religious ideas. The reformation was a period in history that caused many changes to the way Christianity operated forcing many communities to re-divide themselves among different religious loyalties. People like Martin Luther and John Calvin questioned their religion and aspects of the way the greedy and corruptRead MoreThe Effects Of Revivals And The Transformation Of Politics And Reform During The 1830 S Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pageseating together, going to church together and so on. The flux in migration had employers separate themselves from their employees and wok life. The shop was once a place to share a drink and build morale; soon they became little factories where the main goal was production. This separation created a social class network that never existed before 1820, and divided Rochester into separate neighborh oods. While no one class had claim to certain parts of the city, the working class neighborhoods were mainlyRead More President Woodrow Wilson Essays842 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson’s presidency was by many accounts one of the most successful in American history. Not only did his domestic affairs and reform policies give birth to the modern age of liberalism but his foreign policies would lead the United States to victory in World War I. This would in turn contribute to the United States involvement in world affairs. President Wilson wouldRead MoreThe Passing of the 1832 Reform Act Essay766 Words   |  4 Pageswar could have on the country. However, in 1819 the arguments concerning the reformation of parliament came back into the publics conscious. The growing role of the media acted as a new method of informing the public of their rights and the need for action. People were also being made aware through public meetings held by radical MPs that favoured reform. It is therefore not hard to see why in 1832 the Great Reform Act was passed. Old Corruption was the nameRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1541 Words   |  7 PagesNick Sochor Professor Eric Breault Religion 374 21 April 2017 Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther was a German professor of Theology during the 13th and 14th century who was a key figure of the Protestant Reformation. In this paper, I will discuss the impact of Martin Luther’s actions from a standpoint of the Catholic Church and its reaction to Martin Luther’s work. To discuss this, I will use some of the works of Martin Luther himself along with sources from authors PaulRead MoreThe Rise Of Witch Hunting1877 Words   |  8 Pagesand for the last country in a difference of nearly two centuries. (Hester 280) To understand the decline in witchcraft prosecutions we must first look at what made the process of prosecuting a witch even began. It is possible that the truth about why these prosecutions ended has something to do with how they initially started.The Constitutio Criminalis Carolina, better known as the Carolina Codes of 1532, is one of the most well known documents that outlined the rules and practices that were toRead MoreWhy Does Art Get Destroyed?1874 Words   |  8 PagesWhy does art get destroyed? This essay will examine many different factors that contribute to art getting destroyed and why these happen. It will look at the various reasons the destruction happened and the consequences that occurred because of them. This essay will look at both religious and political reasons art can get destroyed along with the work that has no connection to religion or politics in how it was destroyed. There are many different reasons why art can get destroyed, some can be accidental

The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - 1689 Words

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended state and local laws that involved segregation, prohibiting legal discrimination based on ethnicity, color, race, sex, and religion. Now, after much time has passed, people can pose the question: how prominent is segregation in today’s society? In particular, Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, poses interesting dynamics concerning this question. For one, the city consistently has high crime and murder rates in specific areas, while other parts of the city show low rates in comparison. One researcher Richard Reeves states, Even in a country marked by high levels of segregation, Chicago stands out (qtd. in Luhby). Therefore, many would agree that laws prohibiting segregation didn’t necessarily get rid of it. These laws, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, did not bring together different groups of people, and most certainly haven’t prevented segregation regarding other facets of life, areas not so easily defin ed by the law. Segregation and the problems it creates, further leads to unfair disadvantages placed on members of certain communities. Here, through the examination of numerous texts and social dynamics, various aspects of segregation in Chicago will be explored to argue how segregation is still a dominant and troubling part of Chicago, and how it has drastic consequences. In Chicago, the quantitative evidence of crime rates and other statistics are important in displaying the extent of racial segregation inShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Act of 19641840 Words   |  8 PagesBefore the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many of the Southern and Border States. This segregation while supposed to be separate but equal, was hardly that. Blacks in the South were discriminated against repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ridded the nation of this legal segregation and cleared a path towards equality and integration. The passage of this Act, while forever alteringRead More Civil Rights Act of 1964 Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil Rights Act of 1964 resulted from one of the most controversial House and Senate debates in history. It was also the biggest piece of civil rights legislation ever passed. The bill actually evolved from previous civil rights bills in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. The bill passed through both houses finally on July 2, 1964 and was signed into law at 6:55 P.M. EST by President Lyndon Johnson. The act was originally drawn up in 1962 under President Kennedy before his assassinationRead MoreEssay on Civil Rights Act of 19646131 Words   |  25 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 Danielle Endler Human Resources 4050, Spring 2013 Semester Professor David Penkrot May 3, 2013 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered by some to be one of the most important laws in American history. (The Most Important Cases, Speeches, Laws Documents in American History) This Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964 and it is a â€Å"comprehensive federal statute aimed at reducing discrimination in public accommodations and employmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964879 Words   |  4 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy s New Frontier programs, Johnson wanted to expand civil rights and wage war on poverty. More than fifty years later, the effects of the Great Society on American life can still be felt. Civil rights fell under the scope of Johnson s Great Society programs. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a law that ended discrimination in the US at all levels of government. Without the Civil Rights Act of 1964, blacks and other people of color would not have the opportunity to runRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964925 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans and even immigrants are afforded their basic civil rights based on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, declared all discrimination for any reason based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin will be deemed illegal in the United States (National Park Service, n.d.). When the act was enacted, people had to become more open minded; more accepting to the various cultures and backgrounds of individuals. Understanding that concept leadsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964848 Words   |  4 PagesVII, Civil Rights Act of 1964, followed by a brief description of person al experiences involving discrimination, and concluding with a reflection as to how the American workforce is protected by law. The writing will cover any ethically related issues, personal thoughts and ideas, and illustrations of how the law pertains directly to personal events, as well as provide direct links to any and all reference material covered under the purpose of this writing. Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964 TheRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641702 Words   |  7 Pagessubject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning and fighting for their rights, President Truman began this legal process nationallyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641106 Words   |  5 Pages†(Cassanello). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most influential event in the Civil Rights Movement because it paved way for ending discrimination and segregation, and giving more rights to African- Americans. During the Civil Rights Movement African- Americans were fighting to get their rights that were being taken away from them little by little. Starting in 1955 and going well into the late 1960’s early 1970’s, African- Americans started to protest against discriminatory laws and acts such as JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964880 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween conflicting viewpoints are still being faced by Americans today. (Tiona/Claire) Equality for African Americans has made remarkable progress since the approval of the Civil Rights Act, but discrimination continues. A significant step towards racial equality was the Civil Rights Act of 1964, proposed by John F. Kennedy. This act brought an end to segregation in public facilities such as buses, restaurants, hotels, and places of entertainment. It also banned employment discrimination on the termsRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 19641072 Words   |  5 PagesTitle VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964, and both under the Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact. Dunlap feels that he has been discriminated during the interview process. The district court concluded that TVAs subjective hiring process permitted racial bias against the plaintiff and other black job applicants. Tennessee Valley Authorities was found guilty of discrimination against the plaintiff. The Title Vii of the Civil Right Act of 1964 enforces the constitutional right to vote, to confer

The French and Indian War Dbq free essay sample

The French Indian War had cause a multitude of changes and shifts In America, on political, economical, and ideological levels alike. For a start, the French and Indian War altered the political aspects of the 13 colonies. Prior to the French Indian War, due to the idea that it was beneficial or healthy for the 13 colonies if they had some sense of freedom, independence and self-governance, this was dubbed Salutary Neglect. The main form of political governance in the colonies was the colonial assemblies.These assemblies were responsible for governing their respective colonies through city courts. These courts would make decisions that pertained to each of the colonies, like appointing members to the unicameral and bicameral assemblies. Building on this knowledge, after the war ended in 1763, with the Treaty of Paris 1763, one of the main consequences was the end of Salutary Neglect. Most colonial assemblies were shut down as a result of this, giving the colonial Royal governors more power than they previously had. Another consequence of the Treaty of Paris 1763 was the French losing every last bit of their land in North America (Doc. A). The French originally fought in the French Indian War for control of the Ohio River Valley, which was an Important area for trade and growth. Progressing away from the political aspects hat were altered by the French Indian War, the economical aspects were also altered ultimately. Before the beginning of the French Indian War, Britain didnt have any major taxes imposed onto the colonies.That was before the war. After the French Indian War was fought, and the Treaty of Paris 1763 signed, the Stamp Act was imposed in 1765 by George Ill to help pay for the deficit created by the French Indian War, as well as King Georges War (1739-1748). This act was passed as a result of Britain needing more revenue, as for the revenue coming from the colonies prior o this act was not yet sufficient to defray a fourth part of the expense necessary for collecting F). The Stamp Act, mind you. Wasnt a tax on stamps, but rather a tax on printed documents, such as newspapers, journals, deeds, letters, et cetera. The Stamp Act required all printed documents to be stamped with a special imprint, which certified the document. Failure to do so would most likely result In a fine, or confiscation of the merchandise, which is why it faced so much opposition from the colonists, even though it only affected a certain few.Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter, addressed to John Hughes In Pennsylvania, suggesting the repealing of the Stamp Act (Doc. G). If he refused to repeal the Stamp Act, Franklin warned him that it would make him very unpopular among the colonists, and refuted that he should try to reconcile the colonists after the war, Instead of taxing them. Benjamin Franklin truly feared violent opposition to the Stamp Act. This eventually led to the Stamp Act crisis, which resulted in Liberty Trees being planted. At these liberty trees, officials sent to humiliation.The Virginia Resolves were also passed as a result of the Stamp Acts, which claimed it as unconstitutional, and they could not be taxed without representation in Parliament. This type of violent opposition led to the repealing of the Stamp Act in 1766, and the passing of the Declaratory Act in 1766 which gave Britain the right to make laws for the colonies. This concept is called parliamentary sovereignty, and went against the right of consent of the governed, and the colonists natural rights of life, liberty, and property, or alternatively, the pursuit of happiness.The British also assumed the colonists Virtual Representation. This is the idea that the colonies were represented in Parliament indirectly. Also, before the French Indian War ended with the Treaty of Paris 1763, which resulted in the Proclamation Line of 1763, which ran from the West of the Appalachian Mountains to England, Native Americans were getting defensive about their land, and warned the colonists to remove themselves from their area, as for they had no right to settle (Doc.B). The Chief of the Iroquois Confederacy, Concatenates, told the representative bodies in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia that basically, their motives are transparent, and the Native Americans knew the value of their land and instructed the preventatives to promptly remove their men from their land (even though it wasnt rightfully theirs) because they had no right to settle, and they felt greatly disrespected.After the war ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the Proclamation Line was drawn to prevent all British colonists from settling West of the Appala chian Mountains to prevent all future tensions with the Native Americans, even though proceeding the war, a large deal of their land was already lost. The war ultimately created economic stress in the colonies, because it resulted in more taxes (Doc. F), ND isolated trade with the Native Americans, as for we usually traded fur pelts with them. This also couldve foreshadowed their refusal to Join the colonists in an alliance during the Albany Plan of 1754, as well the problem of westward expansion with Chief Pontiac Rebellion in 1763, which resulted in the senseless murder of thousands of British colonists. Adding on to other economic problems created by the war, the mercantile policies of the Navigation Acts were beginning to become heavily enforced again. England buckled down on the colonies to raise revenue (Doc. F. ). This put a major halt on smuggling of goods to the 13 colonies.With the passing of the Writs of Assistance, the quartering British soldiers had a right to enter a colonists home at anytime and confiscate anything they suspected of being smuggled. Smuggled good were rarely found, but it enraged the colonists that the British had a right to do this on their land. To initiate the final point, are the altered ideological aspects that were altered as a result of the French Indian War. Preceding the French and Indian War, some of the colonists were sycophant to Britain. During the war, in 1755, George Washington wrote a letter to Robert Erne, wishing to Join the militia.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Strategic Management of Companies-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: In context to Strategic Management, search the Fortune Most Admired Companies 2010 and compare that list to the latest one of 2017. Answer: According to the Fortune 500 list of 2010, the top 10 companies are as follows: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Exxon Mobil Corporation Chevron Corporation General Electric Company Bank of America ConocoPhillips AT T Inc. Ford Motor Company P. Morgan Chase Co. Hewlett-Packard Company (Fortune.com 2017) According to the Fortune 500 list of 2017, the top 10 companies are as follows: Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Berkshire Hathaway Apple Exxon Mobil Corporation McKesson United Health Group CVS Health General Motors AT T Inc. Ford Motor Company (Fortune.com 2017) According to the Fortune 500 list of top companies there are many changes in the position of the companies and the entry of new companies as well. Apple has entered the list at the third position and Hewlett-Packard has left the list. However, Walmart has maintained its position at the top rank over the period of seven years. The company has been maintaining the top position since the last five years. In spite of having only physical presence the company has been the topmost retailer of the world. The revenue of the company has been as high as 485.8 billion dollars. Though the company has seen a drop in the sales in the year 2015, they have recovered from the drop and maintained their top position (Peppard and Ward 2016). Apple was not present in the top 30 companies in the year 2010, whereas Hewlett-Packard is not present in the top 30 companies list of the 2017. Apple Apple has shown immense growth from the year 2010 till the recent times. The company has shown steady from the year 2010. After the death of Steve Jobs, the company was led was Tim Cook and this led to a huge change in the management of the company resulted in the growth. The core competencies of Apple relate to the products and the brand image created by the company, which cannot be imitated easily. This feature gives the company an edge over the other mobile companies (Khan, Alam and Alam 2015). The customer base of the company is also different from the other companies and the products of the company are innovative in nature. SWOT Analysis Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard or HP is a company that was founded in the year 1930. The company has been showing huge growth since its inception. However, HP had taken a wrong decision in the year 2010 by investing in the mobile business and the failure of which led to the shutdown of the business in 2011. Following this debacle many other wrong decisions were taken by the company which has contributed to its fall in the recent years. The company has been facing problems in the management level from the year 2010. The company manufactured mainly printers and PCs. In the year 2011 the business had split and the PCs and printers are now different businesses (Bertoni, Chirumalla and Johansson 2012). This will have an impact on the future prospects of the company and its growt SWOT Analysis References Bertoni, M., Chirumalla, K. and Johansson, C., 2012, January. Social technologies for cross-functional product development: SWOT analysis and implications. InSystem Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 3918-3927). IEEE. Fortune.com (2017).Fortune 500 Companies 2017: Who Made the List. [online] Fortune. Available at: https://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ [Accessed 20 Nov. 2017]. Khan, U.A., Alam, M.N. and Alam, S., 2015. A Critical Analysis of Internal and External Environment of Apple Inc.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,3(6), pp.955-961. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons

Thursday, April 16, 2020

American Exceptionalism Essay Example

American Exceptionalism Paper Is America better than all of the other countries in this world because we offer more opportunity and hope for humanity?Are our constitutional ideals that are focused on personal and economic freedom giving us a top seat to other cultures and nations that share this earth with us?A lot of Americas would like to think so.We live in a country that is arguably one of the freest nations, not only personally, but also politically.We are governed by public and private interests, which are based on our very own constitution that is set up to give everyone an opportunity to succeed in our growing culture.American exceptionalism is partially a reflection of our nations long history, but Americans can tend to be ethnocentric and judge other cultures by the standards of their own. When a lot of people think of America, they think about a country that is made up of a mixing bowl of races and ethnicities.They think of a culture that is founded on constitutional rights and god given freedoms that everyone has.Some people may even take America a step further and think of it as a culture that may be superior to others because of its past history of opportunity and freedom for whoever may be in search of it; but is this true?Many people may argue that the United States is better than almost any country because of our freedoms, but others may argue that the U.S. is an egotistical superpower that strong-arms, and abuses its influence on other countries.Undoubtedly, America offers many opportunities and even a lot of hope for people searching for a new life, but freedoms such as these often come with a price. The U.S. has high taxes, low minimum wages, and even may flaws in the political system that is supposed to keep us running. Many Americans can get caught up in all the wealth and prosperity that they are making for themselves in the United States.Many think that other cultures just donapos

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Tips to Choose an Essay For GRE Students

Tips to Choose an Essay For GRE StudentsYou have decided to look for a sample essay for the students, you have made the choice and now what? Here are some pointers you can follow to determine how to find the essay for the sample and the quality of the essays that will be available on the website.The first step you should take is to go to the website and view the samples that are posted there. There are hundreds of them that can be accessed from the website and each one is worth looking at. The site has hundreds of topics and themes for students to use in their written assignments. Some of these themes are personal essays, examinations, placement tests, medical terms, the history of Greece, etc.If you are not sure about the essay for the theme, you may browse through the history of Greece to get a feel of what the topic is like. You will be amazed by the variety of topics that are featured in these essays. Some are short term assignments, some are mid-term essays, some are multiple ch oice tests, and others are longer term essays, but all are worth your time.The second step is to look for the essay for the samples that are available. This can be done by searching for the topics on the website, either by typing them into Google or by browsing through the categories of topics. There is no specific website for GRE practice papers, but many will post the samples online. If you do not know where to search, simply go with one that you have seen and get some samples to use.The next step is to read through the entire essay and see if it is worth the time. You should be able to see whether the essay is one that you would use as a guide when writing your own essay or whether it will do nothing more than teach you something about GRE. You should also be able to see whether it is worth spending a dollar to make sure that you can get your money's worth out of it.Last but not least, you should try to decipher whether the essay is for an essay for a class or an essay for the st udent. There are many sites that offer the essay for GRE option, but only a few offer the essay for a class option. The best place to start looking for the best essay for GRE sample is at internet forums or discussion boards. There are some guides out there that include sample essays for classes and also for GRE.By following these steps, you should be able to find the appropriate essay for GRE sample that you need. Use the internet to your advantage and see what the free samples offer and find a site that offers the essay for GRE samples for free.

Friday, March 13, 2020

The Best Health Care Jobs in California With No 4 Year Degree Required

The Best Health Care Jobs in California With No 4 Year Degree Required California is expected to have a pretty large shortage of health care workers by 2025. Many of these positions are a lower level that does not require a bachelor’s degree. So whether you’re looking to fall into the health care industry or you’re already firmly entrenched in it, Cali may be a great place for you to find a health care job, especially if you only have your associates degree.Here are some of the best jobs health care jobs in California for people without a bachelor’s degree. You can refer to the infographic for more information.1.  Diagnostic Medical Sonographer  2.  Registered Nurse3.  Medical Assistant4.  Medical Billing Specialist  5.  Pharmacy Technician  6.  Respiratory Therapist  7.  Surgical TechnologistSource: [sjvc.edu]

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

History Discussion - Research Paper Example It also looks at how Alexander Hamilton’s policies wanted to use the wealthy, manufacturers and the US National Bank to turn around the economy that was affected by a series of civil revolutions; as well as why his proposals were criticized. Finally, it discusses the impacts of his policies. Top of Form Alexander Hamilton was the first treasury secretary of the United States government headed by President Washington (Swanson, 43). When he was appointed the treasury secretary, the United States government was facing hard economic times following the American revolutions. The government was faced with huge debts, inflation and the majority of economic sectors seemed to be doing badly. It is then that President Washington tasked Alexander Hamilton with the duty of stabilizing the United States economy. Alexander Hamilton was to come up with fiscal policies that would revive the economy of the federal government. He advocated for modern capitalism to turn around the United States economy (Hansen, 166). In his first steps, towards reviving the economy, Hamilton proposed the chartering of the first United States National Bank. The bank’s mandate was assisting the government in coming up with monetary and financial solutions, serving as the main depository arm of the federal government as well as regulating state banks. He also recommended that the outstanding Confederation Debt be funded at face value. The paying of these outstanding state debts would ensure stability and commitment of the government in restoring its economy. To finance the paying off debts, Hamilton proposed an issue of new bonds to investors who would gain profits when the government was able to pat the new bonds (Swanson, 43). In his approach to financial and monetary policies, Hamilton targeted the wealthy individuals within the US. He wanted to align the business class, manufacturers, creditors and all the wealth with the federal

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Foreign language courses in public school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign language courses in public school - Essay Example According to (Dillon 2010), this is a distressing news that many schools nationwide have stopped teaching foreign languages overlooking the fact that a greater number of linguists are present needed in America in an order to look after the global business and diplomacy. The talk about necessarily requiring the American students to take foreign language courses at the schools is weighty and fraught with positive merits because research shows that younger children are more able to develop familiarity with foreign languages and learn to speak them fluently than senior people are. Young school students are of that age when acquiring knowledge about new and difficult things does not create much hurdles for the students and they are able to go all the way through to acquire control over foreign languages, which are sure to assist them a lot in their later lives when they would have to survive in a culturally diverse society and interact with people speaking different languages. There are m any jobs which essentially demand the candidates to be bi-lingual. Jobs in the fields of teaching and business require an individual to be able to socially interact with many people from different backgrounds and who may be speaking different languages. Moreover, according to (Peckham, n.d.), â€Å"children in foreign language programs have tended to demonstrate greater cognitive development, creativity, and divergent thinking than monolingual children.† ... elds of teaching and business require an individual to be able to socially interact with many people from different backgrounds and who may be speaking different languages. Moreover, according to (Peckham, n.d.), â€Å"children in foreign language programs have tended to demonstrate greater cognitive development, creativity, and divergent thinking than monolingual children.† Early foreign language learning is also important because children are the future of a country and arming them with the tool of speaking foreign languages can help them in accepting different cultural beliefs. Even proponents believe that being bi-lingual is important and beneficial in the 21st century since globalization is a prominent feature of the present America, still they obstinately stand by the viewpoint that making the foreign language courses mandatory at school level is not a wise step and should be re-considered in many educational setups. Proponents suggest that though learning foreign langua ges has its merits, still importance of an individual’s freedom should never be forgotten and in the end, it should be the student him/herself and no other authority that should decide whether taking foreign language classes is important at school or not. Proponents also claim that essentially requiring the American students to take foreign language courses at schools is not a wise step because there is already a complex and tough academic course for the students that may virtually leave the students with no excess time for learning foreign languages. This claim may be true to some extent but can be suppressed by adjusting the curriculum in such a smart way that the students would not have to face troubles in adjusting their time between other courses and additional foreign language courses.

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Critique of Pure Reason Essay Example for Free

Critique of Pure Reason Essay Immanuel Kant, (born April 22, 1724, Konigsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia]—died February 12, 1804, Konigsberg), German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism. Kant was one of the foremost thinkers of the Enlightenment and arguably one of the greatest philosophers of all time. In him were subsumed new trends that had begun with the rationalism (stressing reason) of Rene Descartes and the empiricism (stressing experience) of Francis Bacon. He thus inaugurated a new era in the development of philosophical thought. BACKGROUND AND EARLY YEARS Kant lived in the remote province where he was born for his entire life. His father, a saddler, was, according to Kant, a descendant of a Scottish immigrant, although scholars have found no basis for this claim; his mother, an uneducated German woman, was remarkable for her character and natural intelligence. Both parents were devoted followers of the Pietist branch of the Lutheran church, which taught that religion belongs to the inner life expressed in simplicity and obedience to moral law. The influence of their pastor made it possible for Kant—the fourth of nine children but the eldest surviving child—to obtain an education. At the age of eight Kant entered the Pietist school that his pastor directed. This was a Latin school, and it was presumably during the eight and a half years he was there that Kant acquired his lifelong love for the Latin classics, especially for the naturalistic poet Lucretius. In 1740 he enrolled in the University of Konigsberg as a theological student. But, although he attended courses in theology and even preached on a few occasions, he was principally attracted to mathematics and physics. Aided by a young professor who had studied Christian Wolff, a systematizer of rationalist philosophy, and who was also an enthusiast for the science of Sir Isaac Newton, Kant began reading the work of the English physicist and, in 1744, started his first book, Gedanken von der wahren Schatzung der lebendigen Krafte (1746; Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces), dealing with a problem concerning kinetic forces. Though by that time he had decided to pursue an academic career, the death of his father in 1746 and his failure to obtain the post of undertutor in one of the schools attached to the university compelled him to withdraw and seek a means of supporting himself. Tutor and Privatdozent He found employment as a family tutor and, during the nine years that he gave to it, worked for three different families. With them he was introduced to the influential society of the city, acquired social grace, and made his farthest travels from his native city—some 60 miles (96 km) away to the town of Arnsdorf. In 1755, aided by the kindness of a friend, he was able to complete his degree at the university and take up the position of Privatdozent, or lecturer. Period of the three Critiques In 1781 the Kritik der reinen Vernunft (spelled Critik in the first edition; Critique of Pure Reason) was published, followed for the next nine years by great and original works that in a short time brought a revolution in philosophical thought and established the new direction in which it was to go in the years to come. The Critique of Pure Reason The Critique of Pure Reason was the result of some 10 years of thinking and meditation. Yet, even so, Kant published the first edition only reluctantly after many postponements; although convinced of the truth of its doctrine, he was uncertain and doubtful about its exposition. His misgivings proved well founded, and Kant complained that interpreters and critics of the work were badly misunderstanding it. To correct these wrong interpretations of his thought, he wrote the Prolegomena zu einer jeden kunftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten konnen (1783; Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will be Able to Come Forward as Science) and brought out a second and revised edition of the first Critique in 1787. Controversy still continues regarding the merits of the two editions: readers with a preference for an idealistic interpretation usually prefer the first edition, whereas those with a realistic view adhere to the second. But with regard to difficulty and ease of reading and understanding, it is generally agreed that there is little to choose between them. Anyone on first opening either book finds it overwhelmingly difficult and impenetrably obscure. The Critique of Practical Reason Because of his insistence on the need for an empirical component in knowledge and his antipathy to speculative metaphysics, Kant is sometimes presented as a positivist before his time, and his attack upon metaphysics was held by many in his own day to bring both religion and morality down with it. Such, however, was certainly far from Kant’s intention. Not only did he propose to put metaphysics â€Å"on the sure path of science,† he was prepared also to say that he â€Å"inevitably† believed in the existence of God and in a future life. It is also true that his original conception of his critical philosophy anticipated the preparation of a critique of moral philosophy. The Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (1788, spelled Critik and practischen; Critique of Practical Reason), the result of this intention, is the standard sourcebook for his ethical doctrines. The earlier Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (1785; Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals) is a shorter and, despite its title, more readily comprehensible treatment of the same general topic. Both differ from Die Metaphysik der Sitten (1797; The Metaphysics of Morals) in that they deal with pure ethics and try to elucidate basic principles; the later work, in contrast, is concerned with applying these principles in the concrete, a process that involved the consideration of virtues and vices and the foundations of law and politics. The Critique of Judgment The Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790, spelled Critik; Critique of Judgment)—one of the most original and instructive of all of Kant’s writings—was not foreseen in his original conception of the critical philosophy. Thus it is perhaps best regarded as a series of appendixes to the other two Critiques. The work falls into two main parts, called respectively Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and Critique of Teleological Judgment. In the first of these, after an introduction in which he discussed â€Å"logical purposiveness,† he analyzed the notion of â€Å"aesthetic purposiveness† in judgments that ascribe beauty to something. Such a judgment, according to him, unlike a mere expression of taste, lays claim to general validity, yet it cannot be said to be cognitive because it rests on feeling, not on argument. The explanation lies in the fact that, when a person contemplates an object and finds it beautiful, there is a certain harmony between his imagination and his understanding, of which he is aware from the immediate delight that he takes in the object. Imagination grasps the object and yet is not restricted to any definite concept, whereas a person imputes the delight that he feels to others because it springs from the free play of his cognitive faculties, which are the same in all humans. LAST YEARS The critical philosophy was soon being taught in every important German-speaking university, and young men flocked to Konigsberg as a shrine of philosophy. In some cases the Prussian government even undertook the expense of their support. Kant came to be consulted as an oracle on all kinds of questions, including such subjects as the lawfulness of vaccination. Such homage did not interrupt Kant’s regular habits. Scarcely five feet tall, with a deformed chest, and suffering from weak health, he maintained throughout his life a severe regimen. It was arranged with such regularity that people set their clocks according to his daily walk along the street named for him, â€Å"The Philosopher’s Walk. † Until old age prevented him, he is said to have missed this regular appearance only on the occasion when Rousseau’s Emile so engrossed him that for several days he stayed at home. From 1790 Kant’s health began to decline seriously. He still had many literary projects but found it impossible to write more than a few hours a day. The writings that he then completed consist partly of an elaboration of subjects not previously treated in any detail, partly of replies to criticisms and to the clarification of misunderstandings. With the publication in 1793 of his work Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone), Kant became involved in a dispute with Prussian authorities on the right to express religious opinions. The book was found to be altogether too rationalistic for orthodox taste. He was charged with misusing his philosophy to the â€Å"distortion and depreciation of many leading and fundamental doctrines of sacred Scripture and Christianity† and was required by the government not to lecture or write anything further on religious subjects. Kant agreed but privately interpreted the ban as a personal promise to the king, Frederick William II, from which he felt himself to be released on the latter’s death in 1797. At any rate, he returned to the forbidden subject in his last major essay, â€Å"Der Streit der Fakultaten† (1798; â€Å"The Conflict of the Faculties†). In 1797 Kant published Die Metaphysik der Sitten (The Metaphysics of Morals), comprising Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Rechtslehre (The Philosophy of Law) and Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Tugendlehre (The Doctrine of Virtue). The former was the major statement of his political philosophy, which he also discussed in Zum ewigen Frieden (1795; Project for a Perpetual Peace) and in the essay â€Å"Uber den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht fur die Praxis† (1793; â€Å"On the Old Saw: That May Be Right In Theory, But It Won’t Work in Practice†). The large work at which he laboured until his death—the fragments of which fill the two final volumes of the great Berlin edition of his works—was evidently intended to be a major contribution to his critical philosophy. What remains, however, is not so much an unfinished work as a series of notes for a work that was never written. Known as the Opus postumum, its original title was Ubergang von den metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft zur Physik (â€Å"Transition from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to Physics†). It may have been Kant’s intention in this work to carry further the argument advanced in the Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science) by showing that it is possible to construct a priori not merely the general outline of a science of nature but a good many of its details as well. But judging from the extant fragments, however numerous they are, it remains conjectural whether its completion would have constituted a major addition to his philosophy and its reputation. After a gradual decline that was painful to his friends as well as to himself, Kant died in Konigsberg on February 12, 1804. His last words were â€Å"Es ist gut† (â€Å"It is good†). His tomb in the cathedral was inscribed with the words (in German) â€Å"The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me,† the two things that he declared in the conclusion of the second Critique â€Å"fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on. † IMMANUEL KANT Prepared by: Cherry B. Ordonez Alliona Gem S. Tolentino N- 201.